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Diseases And Micro Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

Hepatitis B affects which organ?

A

The liver

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2
Q

Streptococcus salivaris is present in the mouth and helps..

1) cause caries
2) plaque stick
3) create toxins
4) promote healing

A

Plaque stick

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3
Q

What type of immunity is gained from Hep B vaccination

1) passive
2) acquired
3) active
4) attained

A

3) active

You’ve actively gone to receive the vaccination

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4
Q

Which of the following diseases is it not possible to vaccinate against?

1) typhoid
2) diphtheria
3) hepatitis B
4) hepatitis C

A

4) hepatitis C

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5
Q

A micro-organism which causes no harm is know as?

A

Non pathogenic

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6
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A micro organism that has the ability to cause harm

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7
Q

Which disease must all dental personal be immunised from?

A

hep B

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8
Q

What type of micro organism is a spirochete?

A

Bacteria

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9
Q

The main micro organism found in thrush is…

1) Candida albicans
2) streptococcus mutans
3) lactobacillus acidophilus
4) Borreli Vincenti

A

1) Candida albicans

streptococcus mutans- caries & gingivitis
lactobacillus acidophilus- caries
Borreli Vincenti- ANUG

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10
Q

Which micro organism is rod shaped?

A

Bacilli

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11
Q

Following the third inoculation for hepatitis B, a blood sample is taken to check?

A

Titre levels

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12
Q

Herpes labialis is characterised by:

1) gingival swelling
2) vesicles on the lips
3) swelling of the tongue
4) white patches on the cheeks

A

2) vesicles on the lips

Sometimes said as ulcers

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13
Q

Aciclovir May be prescribed by a dentist in the treatment of which of the following?

1) Lichen planus
2) herpes simplex
3) aphthous ulcers
4) acute ulcerative gingivitis

A

2) herpes simplex

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14
Q

Immunisation encourages the body to produce

1) antigens
2) antibodies
3) antimocrobials
4) antibacterial

A

2) antibodies

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15
Q

CJD is caused by what type of micro organism?

A

Prions

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16
Q

What does acquired mean?

In terms of immunity

A

You have it for life from previous exposure to the disease

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17
Q

What does passive mean?

In terms of immunity

A

If temporarily passed from one person to another

e.g. hep B. Immunoglobulin injection given after a needle stick injury from a known HBV carrier if you have not had your full course of HBV vaccinations

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18
Q

What does natural mean?

In terms of immunity

A

You are born with it

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19
Q

What does active/ vaccinated/ recurved mean?

In terms of immunity

A

From an infection of dead, dying or weakens micro organisms of the disease, so the boosters may be needed to make them strong enough

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20
Q

Define cross infection

A

Cross infection is the transfer of pathogenic micro organisms from person to person directly or indirectly

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21
Q

What does indirect mean?

A

A third part involvement is needed

E.g. contracting a disease from touching the patients blood on a wipe and it accidentally entering your system

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22
Q

What does direct mean?

A

Touching the patient

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23
Q

What does infection control mean?

A

Infection control is preventing the transfer of pathogenic micro organisms from person to person indirectly or directly

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24
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A pathogen is a micro organism that has the ability to cause harm

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25
What is the name of micro organisms that live alone?
Saphrophytes
26
Micro organisms living in or on another organism are called..
Parasites
27
What is the name of parasites which don’t cause harm?
Commensal
28
Parasites which can cause harm, disease and infections are called...
Pathogens
29
What is pathology?
Pathology is the study of pathogenic micro organisms and the diseases they can cause
30
What are the for main idea conditions for micro organisms to grow?
Warmth Food Moisture Correct level of oxygen
31
What does CJD stand for?
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
32
How do you get CJD?
CJD can be transmitted from an affected person to others but only through injection or consuming infected brain or nervous tissue
33
What is the main way you would contract CJD in a dental practice?
Using CJD contaminated files from an RCT on to another patient
34
What are some symptoms of CJD?
``` Muscle twitches and spasms Loss of bladder and bowel control Blindness Loss of speech Swallowing difficulties Loss of physical co-ordination, which can affect a wide range of functions such as walking, speaking and balance. ```
35
What is CJD?
CJD is a disease which gradually destroys brain cells, it causes tiny holes in the brain. It is fatal and there is no cure. People with CJD typically die within 6-12 months after symptoms appear- 10-20%
36
What does it mean to be a carrier?
You have the disease yet show no signs symptoms however you can still pass it on
37
What are the 4 micro organisms which are bacteria?
Spirochete Cocci Baccillius Filamentos
38
What is the shape of a spirochete?
Spiral
39
What is the shape of a cocci?
Circles
40
What is the shape of a baccillius?
Rod shaped
41
What shape is a filamentos?
String/ floss shaped
42
What is a form of cocci?
Streptococcus viridans/ salivaris Streptococci mutan Straphylacocci aureus
43
What does Streptococcus viridans/ salivaris cause?
They cause plaque to stick
44
What does streptococci mutans cause?
Caries
45
What does Straphylacocci aureus cause?
Abscess
46
What is the stem of streptococcus viridans?
Cocci
47
What is a form of baccillius?
Lactobaccilli
48
What does lactobacillus cause?
Advanced caries
49
What is a form of spirochetes?
Borrelli vencenti
50
What does borrelli vencenti cause?
ANUG
51
What causes advanced caries?
Lactobaccilli
52
What does tremponema cause?
ANUG
53
What is tremponema a form of?
Spirochetes
54
What does ANUG stand for?
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
55
What do you treat bacterial infections with?
Antibiotics
56
What does bacteria cause?
ANUG, caries, abscess and helps plaque to stick
57
What disease is caused by prions?
CJD
58
What are prions?
Proteins
59
How can you prevent CJD?
Single use instruments and RCT files | Using protein tests in the washer disinfector and ultrasonic
60
How do you do a protein test?
Swab instruments and equipments Put into the brown solution If solutions stays brown= ok If solutions turns blue= too much protein
61
What comes from fungi?
Candida albicans
62
What does Candida albicans cause?
Thrush Candidiasis/osis Denture stomatitis Angular chellitis All a form of thrush
63
What do you treat fungal infections with?
Anti fungal treatment
64
What are viruses?
Viruses are parasitic which need a host to live, they line inside cells/bodies
65
What do you treat viruses with?
Aciyclivar (cream/liquid)
66
What diseases can you get from viruses?
HIV, herpes simplex/ labialis, flu, hep B and C
67
What micro organism needs a host to live?
A parasite | From a virus
68
What is a spore?
A micro organism that has the ability to protect itself until conditions are right
69
Where can you get spores?
In viruses, fungi and bacteria
70
What do spores do?
They become defensive which means they wall them self off until the conditions to thrive They can become reproductive which means they multiply when hidden away
71
Which Micro organism can become defensive and reproductive?
Spores
72
What does the decontamination process get rid of?
Bacteria and fungi
73
What does the sterilisation process kill?
All living micro organisms including viruses, prions and spores
74
What is an effective measure in preventing the spread of infectious diseases?
Wearing gloves
75
Instruments sterilised in a type n autoclave are pouched when?
After autoclave
76
The pathogenic organism legionella is most commonly found where?
Waterlines
77
Which of the following describes asepsis? 1) absence of all bacteria and spores 2) absence of bacteria and viruses 3) absence of all micro organisms 4) absence of bacteria, spores and viruses
3) absence of all micro organisms
78
What infection hazard is produced by the use of dental handpieces?
Aerosol spray
79
Which of the following infectious conditions of a patient is most likely to infect a member of the dental team during normal Chairside work? 1) cold sore lesion 2) dental caries 3) hep B 3) mumps
1) cold sore lesion
80
Following infection control what is the most effective procedure to reduce cross infection from staff to patients?
Hand washing
81
The immune response is a normal occurrence when the body tissues have been invaded by micro organisms. Which of the following are developed during this response to neutralise the poisons from the micro organisms? 1) . Antibodies 2) antigens 3) anti toxins 4) immunoglobulins
3) anti toxins
82
Which disease presents as a swelling of either one or both parotid salivary glands, usually in children and young adults?
Mumps
83
Which of the following options regarding immunisation and the immune system is false? 1) brythrocytes are released during the immune response 2) immunisation results in antibodies against fatal disease 3) immunoglobulins are present in saliva 4) some people have natural immunity to disease
1) brythocryes are released during the immune response
84
Healthy members of the dental team are unlikely to contract an infection in the workplace if they take suitable precautions and their natural defence mechanisms are intact. Which of the following events involve leucocytes fighting the pathogenic micro organisms once a dental nurse has been expose to them? 1) inflammatory response mechanism 2) immune response mechanism 3) intact skin and mucous membranes 4) personal protective equipment
1) inflammatory response mechanism
85
A disease caused by Candida albicans is 1) caries 2) abscess 3) denture stomatitis 4) chronic periodontal disease
3) denture stomatitis
86
A terms used for a person who has no symptoms of a disease but may pass it on is known as..
A carrier
87
Following the third inoculation for hepatitis B, a blood sample is taken to check?
Titre levels
88
Bacteria- streptococcus What disease it found?
Throat infections
89
Bacteria- streptococcus salavaris What disease/ problem is found?
Plaque, helps it to stick
90
Bacteria- streptococcus viridans What disease/ problem is found?
Dental absecesses
91
Bacteria- staphylococcus aureus What disease/ problem is found?
Staphylococcus infections in abscesses / boils
92
Bacteria/ bacillus fusiforms What disease/ problem is found?
Causes ANUG
93
Bacteria- streptococcus mutans What disease/ problem is found?
Found in dental caries
94
Bacteria- lactobaccillius What disease/ problem is found?
Anaerobic In plaque
95
Bacteria- clostridium tetani What disease/ problem is found?
Tetanus
96
Bacteria- mycobacterium tuberculosis What disease/ problem is found?
Tuberculosis (TB)
97
Bacteria- legionellosis What disease/ problem is found?
Legionella
98
Virus- poliomyelitis What disease/ problem is found?
Polio
99
Virus- Hep B, C What disease/ problem is found?
Hep B and C
100
Virus- human immune deficiency What disease/ problem is found?
HIV
101
Virus- herpes simplex virus What disease/ problem is found?
Herpes
102
Virus- varicella What disease/ problem is found?
Chickenpox
103
Virus- rubella What disease/ problem is found?
Measles
104
Virus- mumps What disease/ problem is found?
Mumps

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