diseases and pathology/manifestations Flashcards
initial signs of sepsis
they are stuble but will include: hypotension, an tachy cardia
manis of fluid overload
peripheral edema and elevated BP
manis of PE
SOB, chest pain, and sense of pending doom
if the AST and ALT is elevated, what does that mean?
it means liver impairment and possible rejection
besides elevated AST and ALT, another sign of liver impairment and possible rejection would show what colour of urine, stools, and eyes
dark-cloured urine and light or clay-coloured stools
eyes would show conjunctival icterus (yellowing of the white of the eye)
what are some symptoms of hypoglycemia?
sweating
what are some signs of hyper glycemia
nausea and rapid breathing
what can indicate acute compartment syndrome?
a non-palpable pulse on the affected side. (dont elevate the affected limb because it can further decrease the perfusion of the affected leg)
What is addisons disease? How is it related to hyponatremia and potassium?
Low aldosterone. Aldosterone helps maintain our BP. Aldosterone will keep the water and sodium to increase BP BUT in exchange for that, a person will excrete potassium. SO if you have LOW aldosterone, you will lose sodium and water BUT retain potassium.
What is SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion)?
Body secretes too much anti-diuretic hormone. This keeps too much fluid in the body which dilutes sodium.
Cushing syndrome and sodium and potassium relationship?
Cushing syndrome and sodium and potassium relationship? Cushings cause the body to keep too much cortisol so the body keeps too much sodium in the blood and waste too much potassium.
DKA treatment
- slow deep breathes to fix the metabolic acidosis
- Iv 0.9% NA CL. To increase the BP because the already existing polyuria is dropping the BP
- Correct hypokalemia, is present.
- IV insulin (only if K is above 3.3mEq/L. S o do not start if K is really low)
S+S of DKA
- Confusion
- Hyperkalemia.
- Polyuria
- HYPOtension and tachycardia due to dehydration
- PH will be low
What kind of breathing will you see with DKA?
Increased rate with deep and rapid breathing. AKA Kussmaul’s respirations.
Hyperventilation, what do you do?
Breathe into a paper bag
when to expect S+S of ETOH withdrawal?
anxiety and insomnia may begin earlier but acute S+S will start 24-72 hours after the last drink.
