Diseases due to enteroviruses Flashcards
(40 cards)
What are the different viruses in the Genera of Picornaviruses?
Enterovirus:
Polio,Coxsackie A and B, Echo,Other enteroviruses
Rhinovirus
Cardiovirus
Hepatovirus
Aphthovirus
Others
What are the main enteroviruses?
- Polio
- Echoviruses
- Coxachie
What type of viruses are Enteroviruses?
RNA Viruses
What are some clinical manifestations of Enterovirus infections?
Aseptic meningitis
Nonspecific febrile illness
Colds
Pharyngitis
Herpangina
Exanthems
Encephalitis
Paralytic polio
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Pericarditis
Myocarditis
Hand-foot-mouth syndrome
How are enteroviruses transmitted?
Person to person
fecal-oral
respiratory
What is the incubation period for enteroviruses?
3-6 days
What is the pathogenesis of an enterovirus infection?
URI Infection
Regional lymph nodes involvement
Low-Grade viremia (Heart, Skin, Pericardium, Lungs)
Clinical illness & Major viremia
Antibody appearance on 7th day
GI Replication
What does the polio virus affect?
Motor neurons, brain, meninges
What does the Coxakie virus affect?
meninges, brain, skin, muscle, pleura, adrenal glands, pancreas, liver
What does the echovirus affect?
meninges, skin, muscle, liver
What is the incubation period for poliovirus infections?
3-7 to 35 days
What are the different forms of poliovirus infections?
non-paralytic form and paralytic form
what are the three types of non-paralytic forms of poliovirus?
- asymptomatic infection (95%)
- abortive form
- aseptic meningitis
What can be seen in the abortive form of poliovirus infection?
Fever, Headache, Malaise, Anorexia, Nausea, Vomiting, Pharyngitis, Abdominal pain
What can be seen in aseptic meningitis caused by poliovirus?
Sudden onset
Fever, headache, nausea, vomiting
Two febrile waves
After the second febrile wave, nuchal rigidity, Kernig and Brudzinski’s sign occurs
LP – at the beginning of the disease, predominance of segmented neutrophils can occur and after that lymphocytes count are elevated. Proteins are normal or low elevated
Sometimes protein-cell dissociation can be seen
What are the four types of paralytic polio? (in accordance with the localization of the inflammatory process)
Spinal form
Bulbar form
Pontine form
Mixed form
What are the 4 stages in the clinical course of the paralytic form of poliovirus infection?
Pre-paralytic stage
Paralytic stage
Recovery stage
Residual stage
What are the stages of the spinal form of polio?
pre-paralytic stage
paralytic stage
recovery stage
residual stage
What is involved in the pre-paralytic stage of the spinal form of polio?
Sudden onset
Fever
Muscular (motor) weakness
Hyporeflexes
Tremor
Weak innervation disturbances
Facies poliomyelitica
Pains in the back, neck, sweating
What is involved in the paralytic stage?
Paralyses occur after 2-3 days of apirexia
Typical sluggish paralyses:
Proximal muscles are involved – m. deltoideus, m. quadriceps femoris, adductores femoris,
mm. fibularis longus et brevis, m. obliquus abdominis
Asymetric paralyses
Muscle hypo- or atonia
Hypo- or areflexia
The duration of the paralyses is about two weeks
What is involved in the recovery stage of spinal form of polio?
Its duration is up to 2-3 years
Reflexes go better, after that muscle tonus and muscle trophy last
In the most cases muscle atrophy occurs and the limb lags of its growth
What is involved in the residual stage of teh spinal form of polio?
Deformation of the limbs
Disability
What is bulbar polio?
Sudden onset with fever, vomiting, severe intoxication
9 and 10 CFN involvement often:
Palatal & Pharyngeal weakness (nasal voice)
Pooling of saliva
Poor cough
Nasal regurgitation of saliva
Deviation of palate,uvula,tongue
Hoarseness , Aphonia
Tachycardia, bradycardia, changes in the blood pressure
What is involved in the pontine form of spinal polio?
Peripheral paresis of n. facialis
There is no intoxication in the most cases
There are no taste changes in the first 2/3 part of the tongue, oozing, hypoacusis
