Diseases in Pulmonary Medicine: DVT and Pulmonary Embolism Flashcards
(48 cards)
One of the three major cardiovascular causes of death, along with MI and stroke
Venous thromboembolism
One of the three major cardiovascular causes of death, along with MI and stroke
Venous thromboembolism
Causes of pulmonary embolism
Fat, foreign body, air, DVT, bone marrow, amniotic fluid, tumor
Risk factor for pulmonary infarction
Patients with pre-existing heart/lung disease
Usual cause of death from PE
Progressive right heart failure
DVT: Most frequent history
Cramp in the lower calf that persists for several days and becomes more uncomfortable
PE: Most frequent history
Unexplained breathlessness
Classic signs of PE
Tachycardia, low-grade fever, neck vein distention
Most frequent symptom of PE
Dyspnea
Most frequent sign of PE
Tachypnea
Useful rule out test
Quantitative plasma D-dimer ELISA
Most frequently cited ECG abnormality in PE
Sinus tachycardia, S1 Q3 T3 sign
Most common ECG abnormality in PE
T-wave inversion in leads V1 to V4
Principal imaging test for the diagnosis of PE
Chest CT scan with IV contrast
Second-line diagnostic test for PE, used mostly in patients who cannot tolerate IV contrast
Lung scanning
Best known indirect sign of PE on 2D echo
McConnell’s sign (hypokinesis of the RV free wall with normal motion of the RV apex)
Definitive diagnosis of PE
Pulmonary angiography
Replaced invasive pulmonary angiography as primary diagnostic test
Chest CT with contrast
Foundation for successful treatment of DVT and PE
Anticoagulation
Most serious adverse effect of anticoagulation
hemorrhage
Top 3 causes of ARDS
Gram-negative sepsis, gastric aspiration, severe trauma
Short term morphology of ARDS
Waxy hyaline membrane
Long term morphology of ARDS
Intraalveolar fibrosis
Histologic manifestation of ARDS
Diffuse alveolar damage
