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Pathology II > Diseases of Salivary Glands > Flashcards

Diseases of Salivary Glands Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the major salivary glands

A
  • parotid
  • submandibular
  • sublingual
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2
Q

what are the minor salivary glands

A
  • palate
  • buccal mucosa
  • tongue
  • floor of mouth
  • labial mucosa
  • retromolar pad
  • oropharynx
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3
Q

what glands make up the parotid gland

A

100% serous

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4
Q

what do serous glands contain

A

zymogen granules

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5
Q

what type of gland is the submandibular galnd

A

serous and mucous but more serous

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6
Q

what type of gland is the sublingual gland

A

serous and mucous but more mucous

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7
Q

what is the distribution of minor salivary glands

A
  • palate - 60%
  • tongue - 10%
  • lips - 10%
  • cheeks - 10%
  • retromolar -10%
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8
Q

what are the minor salivary glands of the tongue

A
  • glands of von ebner
  • glands of blandin and nuhn
  • glands of weber
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9
Q

where are the glands of von ebner located and what type of gland is it

A
  • circumvalate papillae
  • serous
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10
Q

where are the glands of blandin and nuhn located and what type of gland is it

A

anterior ventral
- mucous

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11
Q

where are the glands of weber located and what type of gland is it

A

posterior lateral border
- mucous

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12
Q

what is a mucocele

A

disruption in ductal system and gets stuck in soft tissue

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13
Q

what are mucoceles caused by

A

trauma

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14
Q

what does a mucocele feel like on palapation

A

fluid

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15
Q

what is a mucocele also known as

A

mucous extravasation reaction

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16
Q

what can superficial mucoceles on the palate be confused with

A

chronic disorders that form multiple bullas

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17
Q

what is a ranula

A

mucocel associated with the sublingual gland

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18
Q

what is a plunging ranula

A

mucin dissects through mylohyoid muscle presenting as a neck mass

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19
Q

what is a sialolith

A

salivary stone

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20
Q

how does a salivary stone occur

A

mucin gets trapped in duct and becomes calcified and normal salivary flow gets blocked

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21
Q

where is a sialolith most common and why

A

whartons duct because of the bends and turns

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22
Q

what does a sialolith feel like on palpation

A

hard

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23
Q

what is the best radiograph to take to see a sialolith

A

occlusal

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24
Q

how does necrotizing sialometaplasia appear

A
  • on palate
  • often bilateral
  • ulcerating
  • unknown etiology
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25
what is the histo of necrotizing sialometaplasia
- pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia - sialometaplasia - coagulative necrosis of the glands
26
describe sjogren syndrom
- autoimmune disorder - dry mouth and dry eyes - bilateral enlargement of parotid gland
27
what is primary sjogren syndrom
no other autoimmune diseases
28
what lab values dx sjogrens
- anti-SS- A (anti-Ro) - anti-SS-B (anti-La) - RF - ANA
29
what glands does sjogrens affect
major but effects are mimicked in minor glands too
30
what do you look for in the histo of sjogrens
lymphoid aggregates
31
what is the tumor distribution of parotid gland
- benign 50% - malignant 50%wha
32
what is the tumor distribution of submandibular gland
- benign 40% - malignant 60%
33
what is the tumor distribution of sublingual gland
- benign 20% - malignant 80%
34
what is the tumor distribution of the palate
benign 50% malignant 50%
35
what is the tumor distribution of the buccal mucosa
benign 50% malignant 50%
36
what is the tumor disribution of the upper labial mucosa
- benign 80% - malignant 20%
37
what is the tumor distribution of the lower labial mucosa
- benign 15% - malignant 85%
38
what is the tumor distribution of the tongue
up to 90% malignant
39
what is the tumor distribution of the floor of the mouth
up to 90% malignant
40
what is the tumor distribution of the retromolar pad
up to 90% malignant
41
what is the growth rate induration, symtomatology, and ulceration of benign tumors
- slow growth - movable - asymptomatic - intact mucosa
42
what is the growth rate, induration, symtomatology, ulceration of malignant tumors
- rapid growth - fixed - symptomatic - ulcerated
43
what are the benign salivary gland tumors
-bengin mixed tumor (pleomorphic adenoma) - monomorphic adenoma - warthin's tumor (papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum) - oncocytoma - ductal papillomas
44
describe pleomorphic adenoma and who is it common in
- most common salivary gland neoplasm - benign - middle aged females - painless slow growing mass
45
what is the histo for pleomorphic adenoma
- variable - mixture of ductal and myoepithelial elements - encapsulated
46
describe monomorphic adenoma and who is affects
- benign - tumor with prediliction for upper lip - middle aged females - painless slow growing mass
47
what is the histo for monomorphic adenoma
- uniform pattern - single layered cords of columnar or cuboidal epithelium - may demonstrate papillary projections - loose CT stroma, with prominent vascularity - thin fibrous capsuel
48
describe papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
- benign - 2nd most common benign salivary gland neoplasm - parotid gland - bilateral - middle aged males - lower in blakcs - smoking - painless slowly growing nodular mass
49
what is the only salivary gland tumor with smoking etiology
papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
50
what is the histo for papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
- oncocytic ductal epithelium - uniform double rows - lymphoid aggregate - papillary cystic configuration
51
describe oncocytoma
- benign - rare salivary gland neoplasm - large epithelial cells, oncocytes - females- 8th decade - parotid - painless slow growing mass- multifocal
52
what is the histo for oncocytoma
- large polyhedral cells abundant in granular eosinophilic cytoplasm- mitochondria - limited stroma- thin fibrovascular septa - lymphoid infiltrate
53
what are the malignant tumors of salivary glands
- mucoepidermoid carcinoma - adenoid cystic carcinoma - polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma - acinic cell carcinoma - carcinoma ex- mixede tumor - adenocarcinoma NOS
54
describe mucoepidermoid carcinoma
- most common malignant salivary gland neoplasm - middle aged females
55
what is a mucoepidermoid carcinoma clinically mistaken for
mucocele
56
what is the histo for mucoepidermoid carcinoma
- mucous producing cell s - epidermoid cells (squamous cells) - may be cystic or solid
57
what are high grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas confused for histologically and how do you tell difference
squamous cell carcinoma - look for mucocele and that is the high grade mucoepidermois carcinoma
58
describe adenoid cystic carcinoma
- best recognized salivary gland tumor - middle aged females - slowly, growing mass and painful
59
what is the histo for adenoid cystic carcinoma
- myoepithelial and ductal cells - perineural and perivascular invasion - cribriform pattern - SWISS CHEESE pattern
60
what is the prognosis for adeoid cystic carcinoma and why
- poor - because of perineural and perivascular invasion
61
describe polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma
- common malignant minor salivary gland neoplasm - middle aged females - favors palate
62
where are mucoepidermoid carcinomas likely to be
on retromolar pad
63
what is the histo for polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma
- deceptive uniform apperance - different growth patterns - perineural and perivascular invasion - indian filing
64
what is the prognosis for polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma
relatively good
65
describe acinic cell carcinoma
- parotid - serous acinar differentiation - middle aged females - slow growing - low grade malignancy
66
what is the histo for acinic cell carcinoma
- well circumscribed - may be infiltrative - serous acinar cell with abundant granular basophilic cytoplasm and a round, stained eccentric nucleus
67
describe carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma
- long standing pleomorphic adenoma - older adults - rapid growth - pain and ulceration
68
what is the histo for carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma
- typical benign mixed tumor - malignant degeneration - cellular pleomorphism , abnormal mitotic activity, capsular invasion
69
describe adenocarcinoma NOS
- uncommon salivary gland neoplasm because usually we cant categorize it - middle aged females
70
what is the histo for adenocarcinoma NOS
variable
71

Pathology II (19 decks)

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