Diseases of the 21st century

Question 1

otherwise known as causative agents; in the form of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites

Answer 1

etiologic agents

Question 2

they are emerging and re-emerging

Answer 2

virus

Question 3

neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic

Answer 3

virus

Question 4

viruses are submicroscopic: they are view under _______ only

Answer 4

electron microscope

Question 5

they are _____ intercellular parasite: viruses have the ability to use the machinery of the host cells to reproduce. they do not have their own cell organelles, hence they cannot reproduce or live separately)

Answer 5

obligate

Question 6

Host TROPISM: infect host cell for HIV

Answer 6

CD4 cells (immune cell)

Question 7

Host TROPISM: infect host cell for HBV

Answer 7

hepatocytes (liver)

Question 8

smallest DNA virus

Answer 8

parvovirus

Question 9

largest DNA virus

Answer 9

poxvirus

Question 10

smallest RNA virus

Answer 10

picornavirus

Question 11

largest RNA virus

Answer 11

paramyxovirus

Question 12

the emerging virus are ____ virus

Answer 12

novel virus

Question 13

emerging viruses are called these because it is the very first time that the scientists are able to discover or characterize the virus (how it affects exposed)

Answer 13

novel viruses

Question 14

these viruses are discovered before and there was a time when this virus was eradicated but it came back sometime in the future

Answer 14

re-emerging viruses

Question 15

they are unicellular organisms that lack membrane-bound structures or nucleus

Answer 15

prokaryotes

Question 16

organisms whose cells have nucleus and other organelles enclosed by a plasma membrane

Answer 16

eukaryotes
(PAPAF)

Question 17

examples of eukaryotes

Answer 17

plants, animals, fungi, algae, protozoans

Question 18

if the virus is outsiDe the host is considered

Answer 18

dormant

Question 19

if the virus is inside the host, it is

Answer 19

activated

Question 20

DNA and RNA viruses are existing because of the presence of an ______________ core in a particular virus consisting of either DNA or RNA

Answer 20

inner nucleic acid core

Question 21

the inner nucleic acid core is protected by a protein coat known as the

Answer 21

capsid

Question 22

structure of a virus

Answer 22

it is naked or enveloped

Question 23

in a virus =, what are structures present

Answer 23

1. genome
2. capsid
3. nucleocapsid
4. spikes
5. tegument
6. envelop

Question 24

where the RNA or DNA

Answer 24

genome (nucleic acid core)

Question 25

protein layers covering the genome

Answer 25

capsid

Question 26

genome + capsid

Answer 26

nucleocapsid

Question 27

glycoprotein responsible for attachment or adsorption of cell

Answer 27

spikes

Question 28

matrix separating envelop from nucleocapsid

Answer 28

tegument

Question 29

external glycoprotein/lipid covering the nucleocapsid taken from the host

Answer 29

envelop

Question 30

the only structures present in the naked virus are the

Answer 30

genome, capsid, and nucleocapsid

Question 31

naked viruses are more resistant to extreme pH, heat, dryness, and simple disinfectant. because of their ________, these are transmitted via the fecal-oral route.

Answer 31

stability

Question 32

examples of naked viruses

Answer 32

norovirus, enterovirus, adenovirus, and rhinovirus are all

Question 33

naked viruses are typically more ________ (harsh) than enveloped viruses.

Answer 33

virulent

Question 34

why does the naked viruses are more virulent than enveloped viruses?

Answer 34

because they usually cause host cell lysis.

Question 35

the most common exit mode from the host cell by the naked virus

Answer 35

cell lysis

Question 36

the viruses violate the integrity of the ______________l causing cell death and significant tissue damage to the host organism.

Answer 36

cell membrane

Question 37

these viruses are very susceptible to drying out and destruction or environmental changes .

Answer 37

enveloped viruses

Question 38

these viruses are transmitted via direct contact through respiratory, sexual or parental contact.

Answer 38

enveloped viruses

Question 39

in this way, it prevents the virus from being exposed to the environment and it would lead to a successful propagation of the viral agent to another susceptible host.

Answer 39

the transmission of the enveloped viruses

Question 40

enveloped viruses are less virulent because they don't always cause ____ during cell exit, although cell death often follows as a consequence of virus replication.

Answer 40

cell lysis

Question 41

Since enveloped viruses contain an extra ______ or an _______that surrounds the capsid, during virus assembly and exit from host cells, these viruses can use the host cell membrane itself to assemble their membrane, known as an ________

Answer 41

bilipid layer or an outer membrane; envelope