Diseases of the Eye

Question 1

A patient asks the nurse, “How did I get cataracts in both eyes?”

Which characteristic of the disease process should guide the nurse’s response?

Answer 1

Proteins clump and cloud the lens of the eye as the lens ages.

Question 2

A patient who had a lens implant performed asks the nurse why there is a need for a stool softener.

Which response by the nurse is best?

Answer 2

“This prevents straining, which increases the pressure in your eye and harms the surgical repair.”

Question 3

The nurse is caring for a patient who sustained an injury that caused separation of the sensory portion of the eye from the choroid.

Which eye condition should the nurse suspect the patient has?

Answer 3

Detached retina

Question 4

The nurse is assessing a patient diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma.

Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect to find?

Answer 4

Gradual loss of peripheral vision

Question 5

A patient diagnosed with exudative macular degeneration asks the nurse what consequences may occur.

Which information should the nurse provide?

Answer 5

Permanent loss of central vision may occur due to bleeding episodes that lead to scar tissue.

Question 6

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with cataracts.

Which nonpharmacologic treatment should the nurse discuss with the patient?

Answer 6

Early cataracts can be managed by using a magnifying glass, stronger prescription lenses, or using a brighter light when reading and antiglare sunglasses

Question 7

Medications used to treat glaucoma include:

Answer 7

Beta-adrenergic blockers.
Prostaglandin analogs.
Alpha2-adrenergic agonists.
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
Combination medications.
Cholinergic agonists (miotics).

Question 8

After reviewing the health history of a patient diagnosed with glaucoma, the nurse questions administering a beta-adrenergic blocking agent to the patient.

Which health problem did the nurse discover in the patient’s health history?

Answer 8

Use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents, including topical use, is contraindicated for patients with asthma because systemic absorption may lead to bronchial constriction

Question 9

Pathophysiology of Cataracts

Answer 9

They form as part of the aging process.
Proteins of the lens change and degenerate.
Proteins clump and cloud the lens.
Light transmission is reduced.
The process begins at the periphery and spreads inward.
The lens becomes opaque.
Sight is limited.

Question 10

Nursing diagnoses for patients with eye diseases include:

Answer 10

Anxiety.
Fear.
Health Management, Ineffective.
Health Maintenance, Ineffective.
Injury, Risk for.

Question 11

patients with macular degeneration develop symptoms gradually that include:

Answer 11

need more light to read, blurriness of print, and blind spots in their central vision, often losing central field vision and relying on peripheral vision. They also have difficulty going from bright light to lower light situations

Question 12

What field of vision do patients with macular degeneration often lose and as a result rely on?

Answer 12

Because patients often lose central field vision, they must rely on peripheral vision.

Question 13

A corneal abrasion is the:

Answer 13

disruption of the superficial epithelium of the cornea

Question 14

Clinical manifestations of increased intraocular pressure in Open-angle glaucoma include:

Answer 14

Gradual loss of peripheral vision.
“Tunnel vision” in both eyes.

Question 15

Clinical manifestations of increased intraocular pressure in Angle-closure glaucoma

Answer 15

Severe eye pain.
Sudden onset of visual disturbances.
Blurred vision.

Question 16

What symptoms are associated with angle-closure glaucoma

Answer 16

Intermittent stabbing eye pain, change in color brightness, and rapid change in visual acuity are associated with angle-closure glaucoma

Question 17

Exudative, or wet, macular degeneration can lead to…

Answer 17

permanent loss of central vision caused by significant or repeated bleeding episodes, which lead to scar tissue

Question 18

Glaucoma

Answer 18

characterized by optic neuropathy with gradual loss of peripheral vision and increased intraocular pressure

Question 19

Cataract

Answer 19

opacification, or clouding of the lens of the eye, that interferes with light transmission into the retina.

Question 20

Retinopathy

Answer 20

damage to the blood vessels in the tissue at the back of the eye

Question 21

Ways to reduce the risk of developing macular degeneration include:

Answer 21

Not smoking.
Reducing UV exposure.
Eating a healthy diet high in antioxidants and healthy fats.
Maintaining a low BMI.
Managing other conditions well (especially heart disease).

Question 22

The patient with cataracts is scheduled to undergo a procedure to remove the cataracts.

The nurse should plan to teach the patient about which procedure?

Answer 22

Extracapsular extraction

Question 23

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with cataracts.

Which treatment option should the nurse expect will be ordered for the patient?

Answer 23

surgery

Question 24

The nurse is preparing a teaching for a patient diagnosed with macular degeneration.

Which topic is appropriate for the nurse to include?

Answer 24

using assistive devices

Question 25

Early cataracts can be managed by...

Answer 25

Using a magnifying glass, stronger prescription lenses, or using a brighter light when reading.

Question 26

Which groups are at a higher risk for developing cataracts

Answer 26

Women are affected more frequently than men and are at greater risk for developing cataracts. African Americans are affected more frequently by cataracts than Caucasian Americans and Hispanics.

Question 27

What information does the nurse discuss with the patient regarding surgery for macular degeneration?

Answer 27

"Laser surgery for macular degeneration can only slow the progress of the disease."

Question 28

Treatment options for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) include:

Answer 28

Wet AMD: Laser surgery, Photodynamic therapy Dry AMD: High-dose antioxidants and zinc, Assistive devices (magnifiers, large-print books and magazines, and high-intensity lighting), Computers and handheld electronic devices

Question 29

The nurse caring for a patient diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma is concerned about the patient's safety. Which information is most important for the nurse to provide

Answer 29

For the patient with impaired vision, it can be difficult to adapt to changes in the environment, so maintaining the same position of belongings is important for patient safety. : Don't let anyone rearrange the furniture."

Question 30

Home safety considerations for the patient with a visual impairment include:

Answer 30

Having the patient hold the caregiver's arm or elbow when walking. Maintaining a comfortable pace for the patient. Describing the surroundings. Warning in advance of potential hazards, turns, and steps. Teaching the patient to feel the chair, bed, or commode with hands and backs of legs before sitting.

Question 31

simplest way to diagnose cataracts

Answer 31

Utilizing a visual acuity test, such as the Snellen chart.

Question 32

Cardinal fields of vision will test

Answer 32

extraocular eye movement

Question 33

Convergence indicates

Answer 33

a neuromuscular disorder or improper eye alignment.

Question 34

Accommodation tests are used for

Answer 34

neurologic problems.

Question 35

The priority intervention for a patient with newly diagnosed glaucoma is

Answer 35

preventing injury

Question 36

Strategies to prevent injury in patients with eye disease include:

Answer 36

Discussing adaptations in the home to prevent falls and other injuries. Removing scatter rugs and small items of furniture. Improving lighting. Providing instructions related to unilateral vision loss and change in depth perception. Reaching slowly for objects. Using visual cues for distance when driving. Teaching the patient to scan, turning the head fully toward the affected side to identify potential hazards. Looking up and down to compensate for the loss of depth perception. Not changing the arrangement of the furniture.

Question 37

Visualization of halos around lights is a symptom of

Answer 37

glaucoma

Question 38

Distorted straight lines, central vision distortion, and blurriness of printed words are common clinical manifestations of

Answer 38

macular degeneration

Question 39

A patient diagnosed with glaucoma asks the nurse why eyedrops must be used every day. Which response by the nurse is appropriate?

Answer 39

"The drops lower the pressure in the eye."