Diseases of the Foot 1 and 2

Question 1

What is broken back hoof pastern Axis?

Answer 1

When the angle of the distal Phalynx P3 is less than the P2

Question 2

Which structures are stressed in broken back hoof axis?

Answer 2

DDF, Coffin Joint, Navicular Apparatus

Question 3

What are some therapeutic shoeing options for a broken back pastern?

Answer 3

Wedging, roll toe or rocker

Question 4

Where is the midpoint of the foot that decides where the shoe should be placed?

Answer 4

The distal condyle of p2

Question 5

What structures does a broken forward HPA put stress on?

Answer 5

Suspensory, Navicular, Sole of hoof

Question 6

What is a broken forward hoof paster axis?

Answer 6

When the angle of P3 is greater than P2

Question 7

What kind of therapeutic shoeing can help?

Answer 7

-Wider in the toe and narrower in the heel, will allow heel to sink more than toe in soft footing
-Fish Shoe help with firm footing

Question 8

If a horse has a severely over grown toe with a broken forward HPA how can you therapeutically shoe it?

Answer 8

Trim the front back as much as possible and can do a wedge to help

Question 9

Why is “Wry Foot”?

Answer 9

Distorted Hoof Capsule
-One side is flared and one is very upright
-Secondary to angular limb deformity or rotational deformity (Felock varus medially)

Question 10

How do you correctively trim and shoe a wry foot?

Answer 10

Trim medially where the flare is and place the shoe on the lateral side with the vertical conformation

Question 11

If the horse is base wide, where will the flare be?

Answer 11

Lateral side and medial will be more upright

Question 12

What happens if the hoof wall cracks?

Answer 12

Treat like fracture, no work, stabilize and stop motion to get it to heal

Question 13

What are sheared heels?

Answer 13

When one heel bulb is displaced proximally over the other
-Secondary to the conformational defect of a horse
-Moderate issue

Question 14

How do you correct sheared heels?

Answer 14

Floating (part of foot doesn’t touch shoe)
-Unload and try to get it to settle back down
-Moist in VA so easier to move
-Unload the non-weight baring side and suspend in air to get to sink

Question 15

Why are thin walls and soles a problem?

Answer 15

Riskier to shoe (may go through important structures)
-Lose shoe, grow slower

Question 16

What is a great option for shoeing a horse with thin walls and soles?

Answer 16

Glue on shoe
If nailing on use clips and place strategically

Question 17

What does it mean if you have hoof wall rings that do not line up?

Answer 17

When they are not parallel to the coronary band it means the heel is growing more, may be chronically laminitis or broken forward hoof deformity

Question 18

What is sole bruising?

Answer 18

Anywhere in the sole, wings or bar

Question 19

How can you correctively shoe with sole bruising?

Answer 19

Bevel the shoe, unload and use pad to load and onion heel to not touch it, equipack

Question 20

What is thrush?

Answer 20

Superficial infection
-Anaerobic microbes invade the epidermal portion of frog, degrade keratin of epidermal
-Smelly
-Black exudate

Question 21

How do you treat thrush?

Answer 21

Clean and dry environment and bandage, shoe and pad with antiseptic, hoof packing with cooper sulfate or oakum

Question 22

What is Canker?

Answer 22

Hypertrophic growth of frog, cauliflower like, invade the germinal cells, sensitive to vasculature, cut and it will bleed

Question 23

What causes canker?

Answer 23

We don’t know, think it related to unclean environment

Question 24

How do you treat Canker?

Answer 24

Clean environment, surgical debridement, topical antimicrobials, shoe and pad for Longterm bandage

Question 25

What is a keratoma?

Answer 25

Benign tumor of the keratin producing cells of the hoof wall -Causes pressure necrosis and repeated abscess

Question 26

How do you diagnose a keratoma?

Answer 26

Rads - very clear and delineated, sclerotic area with a smooth margin, can look moth eaten -see well on 65 DP -May find on prepurchase or with a chronic subsolar abscess (disrupts the white line and make it exposed to pathogens)

Question 27

How do you treat a keratoma?

Answer 27

-Remove it all the way to the hoof wall to the coronary band (In epithelium) -Shoe and place a metal band to support structures

Question 28

How long does it take the hoof wall to grow back after removal?

Answer 28

4-6 months 8 weeks to repithelialize

Question 29

What is a hoof crack and how do they happen?

Answer 29

-Crack through the hoof wall -Worry if vertical, fine if horizonal

Question 30

How do you treat a hoof crack?

Answer 30

-Ease breakover -Correct cause -Debride and patch over -Bridge to stop movement -May need metal bridge to stop forces

Question 31

What is white line disease and where does it occur?

Answer 31

-In the non-pigmented stratum medium -When there is separation between the above and the lamella -Secondary bacterial infection moves in -Occurs when microbes move proximal faster than the hoof wall grows

Question 32

How do you treat white line disease?

Answer 32

-Open up the tract and get air to it, clean it out -Tincture of iodine helps to dry it out and keep it antiseptic (orange and know if owner following) -show you where to debride (dark places) -May shoe but no glue or things that cover and make anaerobic environment

Question 33

What is pedal osteitis?

Answer 33

Inflammation of the bone, fracture of distal Phalynx or septic distal Phalynx -Common in thin sole thoroughbreds -Mosty distal phalanx

Question 34

What are hoof wall avulsions?

Answer 34

When there has been trauma that pulls part of the hoof wall off

Question 35

Can you suture the hoof wall back on?

Answer 35

No, devitalized so it needs to come off

Question 36

How can you help treat a hoof wall avulsion?

Answer 36

Cast for 10-14 days to let it heal Shoe - unload area, load healthier areas

Question 37

What is Sidebone?

Answer 37

Ossification of collateral cartilage (can be in 2 different directions) No lameness unless cracks

Question 38

How does a farrier treat sidebone?

Answer 38

Limit frog and sole support (force through bony column)

Question 39

What is Quittor?

Answer 39

Infection of the collateral cartilage -Wound or draining proximal to skin of hoof junction

Question 40

How do you treat quittor?

Answer 40

-Dont seal in -Debride surguically Remove some foot to get acess -Remove proximal hoof wall -Treat topically