Diseases: prion diseases, vector borne, airborne

Question 1

prion disease: what is the infectious agent, where does it end up, what happens?

Answer 1

prions - misshapen proteins
end up in brain
multiply

Question 2

2 examples of prion diseases

Answer 2

creutzfeld jakob disease

bovine spongiform encephalopahty

Question 3

3 ways prion diseases can be transmitted

Answer 3

cannibalism
blood
eating animals with prion disease

Question 4

2 consequences of prion disease

Answer 4

brain atrophy

dementia

Question 5

treatment of prion disease

Answer 5

none

Question 6

define: vector borne disease

Answer 6

transmitted from source to host by an intermediate organism

Question 7

what diseases do aedes mosquitoes transmit

Answer 7

zika, yellow fever, dengue fever

Question 8

what disease do anopheles mosquitoes transmit

Answer 8

malaria

Question 9

whiat disease do ticks transmit

Answer 9

lyme disease

Question 10

what disease do fleas transmit

Answer 10

plague, rickettsosis

Question 11

what disease do lice transmit

Answer 11

typhus

Question 12

what is the infectious agent transmitted via mosquitoes to humans

Answer 12

parasite

Question 13

is there treatment for malaria?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

is treatment effective?

Answer 14

not always, can relapse

Question 15

prevention of malaria?

Answer 15

mosquito nets, repellant, long clothes

Question 16

define: airborne diseases

Answer 16

intermediate agent is dust particle, fungal spores, air/respiratory droplets IN THE AIR; which transmit infectious agent to person

Question 17

4 airborne diseases

Answer 17

measles
tuberculosis
chicken pox
influenza

Question 18

is measles spread by air droplet, dust particle or spores

Answer 18

air droplet

Question 19

is it very infectious?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

how long is the incubation (asymptomatic) period

Answer 20

10-14 days

Question 21

is it vaccine preventable

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

5 moderate effects

Answer 22

fever, runny nose, cough, rash, inflamed eyes

Question 23

3 severe effects

Answer 23

lung and ear infections

encephalitis –> potentially permanent brain damage and death

Question 24

influenza: incubation period?

Answer 24

1-4 days

Question 25

influenza: what airborne particle does it spread by

Answer 25

droplets

Question 26

what are the 4 major categories of the influenza virus?

Answer 26

type A, B, C, D

Question 27

type A affects

Answer 27

humans, birds, pigs

Question 28

type B affects

Answer 28

humans

Question 29

type C affects

Answer 29

humans

Question 30

type D affects

Answer 30

cows

Question 31

which two types are responsible for the seasonal outbreaks?

Answer 31

type A and B

Question 32

what are the two proteins on type A influenza virus

Answer 32

hemagglutinin and neuraminidase

Question 33

how many types of hemagluttinin and neuraminidase are there? what are their shapes

Answer 33

18 (long) and 11 (short)

Question 34

what makes the subtypes of the influenza A virus

Answer 34

the combos of neuraminidase and hemagluttinin subtypes

Question 35

two ways through which the combos of proteins can change

Answer 35

antigenic drift | antigenic shift

Question 36

define antigenic drift

Answer 36

when there's a minor change to antigens/proteins due to mutation

Question 37

define antigenic shift

Answer 37

when there's a major change to proteins/antigens due to recombination between different animal species

Question 38

what kind of infectious agent is tuberculosis

Answer 38

bacteria

Question 39

2 additional factors needed for TB to be spread

Answer 39

prolonged close contact | weakened immune system

Question 40

do countries that have high HIV rates have high TB rates? a potential reason for this?

Answer 40

yes - as HIV weakens the immune system, making TB easier to contract

Question 41

is TB acute or chronic

Answer 41

chronic

Question 42

what body part does TB affect

Answer 42

the lungs

Question 43

what percentage of people infected with TB show symptoms?

Answer 43

only 10%

Question 44

is there a vaccine for TB?

Answer 44

yes but not very effective

Question 45

describe treatment for active TB

Answer 45

very drug intensive

Question 46

describe treatment for latent TB

Answer 46

less drug intensive | but side effects - orange sweat/tears, flu like symptoms