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Clinical Exercise Prescription > Dislipedeamia > Flashcards

Dislipedeamia Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

what is a lipid

A

organic molecule, poorly souble in water
carbon containing, few oxygen molecules
hygrophilic head, hydrophobic tail

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2
Q

what is a TAG

A

3 FA attached to a glycerol
less O2
more hydrophobic

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3
Q

what is cholestrol ester (CE)

A

cholestrol and FA

no oxygen

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4
Q

why do we need fat

A 
energy 
cell membrane 
protection of organs 
thermal insulation 
neural insulation
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5
Q

why do we need cholestrol

A 
acts as a membrane stiffner 
present between TAG tails 
uses in 
- steriods 
- vit D 
- bile acid
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6
Q

what is the role of lipoproteins

A

make cholestrol and TAG souble
has a hydrophobic core made up of TAG and cholestrol
hydrophilic outside

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7
Q

what is the only way the body can get rid of cholestrol

A

through excretion

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8
Q

name the 4 lipoproteins

A

chylomicrons
VLDL
LDL
HDL

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9
Q

describe chylomicrons in terms of lipid, protein and density

A

high lipid
low protein
low density

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10
Q

describe VLDL in terms of lipid, protein and density

A

high ish density
lowish protein
low ish lipid

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11
Q

describe LDL in terms of lipid, protein and density

A

low ish lipid
highish protein
highish density

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12
Q

describe HDL in terms of lipid, protein and density

A

high protein
low lipid
high density

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13
Q

how do short and medium chain Fats enter the blood

A

TAG and CE broken down in FA and glycerol in the intestinal lumen
enter portal vien

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14
Q

Postprandial

what does HDL donate to Chylomicron

A

Apo protein C2 and Apo E

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15
Q

Postprandial

how does the chylomicron bind to the tissue

A

via Apo C2 and lipoprotein lipase

TAG absorbed

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16
Q

Postprandial

what is produced after chylomicron binds

A

a chylomicron remant

more cholestrol dense, less TAG

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17
Q

Postprandial

what happens to the chylomicron remant

A

ApoC2 goes back to HDL
ApoE binds to receptor on liver
chlyomicron remnant stored in liver

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18
Q

Fasted

how much of the VLDL remant bind to the liver

A

50%

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19
Q

Fasted

what happens to VLDL

Study These Flashcards
A

leaves the liver
recieves ApoC2 and ApoE
binds to tissue via ApoC2 and lipoprotein lipase

20
Q

what is produced after VLDL binds to tissue

21
Q

what happens to other 50% of VLDL

Study These Flashcards
A

LDL synethsis
docks to hepatic lipase - removes any TAG left
new LDL
LDL taken up by cell

22
Q

what is the problem of LDL

Study These Flashcards
A

half life of a couple of days so spends longer in the blood exposing it to free radicals and toxins
gets unfavourably modified

23
Q

what happens to unfavourably modifide LDL

Study These Flashcards
A

macrophages do not recognize it

  • express SR-a Receptor
  • takes up LDL
  • macrophage has no internal feedback, so has a build up of C
  • becomes a foam cell
  • atherosclerosis
24
Q

phamaological treatments for cholestrol

Study These Flashcards
A

treat underlying disease if appropriate (diabetes)
lifestyle modifications - diet, smoking, exercise
Drugs
- statins
- resins
- exetimibe

25
how do statins work
statins stop cell producing its own C | upregulates expression of LDL receptors
26
how do resins work
prevents recycling of bile acids so you lose more C express more receptors
27
how do exetimbe work
knocks out C transporter in SI | prevents C getting into the system
28
effect of high fat diet on chylomicrons | high fat diet
high fat = more chylomicrons
29
describe the interaction between chylomicrons and LDL | high fat diet
chylomicron exchanges some C for fat from LDL via CET produces chylomicorn with more cholestrol in it LDL with small amount of fat in it
30
what is the effect of TAG rich chylomicrons from high fat diet (high fat diet)
leads to oxidative stress causes endothelial to stop working LDL can get through endothelial wall and settle in wall
31
what happens to the small LDL after interacting with Chylomicron (high fat diet)
binds to hepatic liapse, pass on small amount of TAG to become a smaller LDL remant
32
what is the effect of small LDL remant | high fat diet
easier for it to be damaged macrophages collect endothelial wall damaged so macrophage can pass through
33
what happens to HDL following high fat diet | high fat diet
same thing as LDL takes some TAG from VLDL binds to liver and delivers TAG becomes a smaller HDL remant
34
what happens to smaller HDL remant | high fat diet
more rapidly removed from the blood less HDL to give ApoC2 and ApoE to chylomicron leads to impaired clearence of TAG oxidative stress happening at the same time
35
what is the relationship between HDL and chlyomicrons
inversely proportinate
36
possible dietary inverventions
``` reducing dietary C reduce fat intake reduce salt fat increase fibre intake limit sugar consumption limit alcohol ```
37
effect of increasing fibre
increases C loss through gut
38
effect of limiting alcohol
decreased VLDL 80% of alcohol metabolised by the liver up to 31% of an alcohol bolus ends up as VLDL leads to fatty liver
39
effects during exercise
increase delivery and use of TAG | - reduce TAG blood pool
40
effects post exercise
``` increase HDL production increase lPLase expression and activity increase hepatic fatty acid oxidation increase size of VLDL improves endothelial function improves redox state ```
41
effect of increase HDL production
increase ApoC2 and ApoE availibilty
42
effect of increase lPLase expression and activity
enchances TAG clearence
43
effect of increase hepatic fatty acid oxidation
decrease hepatic TAG output
44
effect of increase size of VLDL
VLDL TAG hydrolysed more quickly
45
effect of improved endothelial function
preventing infiltraion of lipoprotein/macrophages into the sub endothelial space
46
ACSM guidelines for improving blood lipid profile
start 3 days a week, increase to 5-7 40-80% age predicited HRmax 11-24 RPE 150-300 mins a week

Clinical Exercise Prescription (12 decks)

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