Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Systemic pathology > Disorder of blood vessels > Flashcards

Disorder of blood vessels Flashcards

(54 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

Atherosclerosis 3 types

A

Coronary artery disease
Peripheral vascular disease - arteries supplying the extremities and organs
Cerebrovascular disease - arteries supply the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Arteriosclerosis (3 types)

A
  1. Atherosclerosis - fatty deposit in inner layer (tunica intima). MOST COMMON
  2. Monckeberg’s arteriosclerosis - middle layer (tunica media) of arteries with destruction of mm and elastic fibers, formation of calcium deposit. “SENILE”
  3. arteriolosclerosis (arteriolar sclerosis) - Thickening of the walls of small arteries (arterioles). HYPERTENSION RELATED. Doesn’t involve atheromas (depositing of plaque)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Atherosclerosis clinical manifestation

A

Asymptomatic
Ischemia
Infarct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Atherosclerosis risk factors

A 
High LDL
High BP
Smoking 
Diabetes
Obesity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Peripheral vascular/arterial disease (PVD/PAD)

A 
Any disease of the circulating system outside of heart and brain
LE>UE
Most common atherosclerosis
Intermittent claudication, cyanosis, 
Men>Women
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vasculitis 3 types

A

Arteritis - inflammation of arteries
Infective arteries - inflammation of an artery due to infection
Rheumatoid arteries - inflammation of an artery associated with RHD (Rheumatoid heart disease)

Rheuma - move, flow, pain moves around

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Most common vasculitis

A

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) Cranial or temporal arteritis, multiple sites of temporal and cranial arteries affected
Female>male>age 50

Menopause, smoking heart murmurs, Idiopathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which vasculitis mimic migrane

A

Giant cell arteritis (severe, continuous, unilateral throbbing HA)
Visual disturbance, enlarged temporal artery, scalp sensitivity respiratory tract problem
Onset is usually sudden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does Giant cell arteritis pain radiate?

A

Radiated pain to Occipital area, face, side of neck.

Pain/paralysis of shoulder, claudication of arm and jaw,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which vasculitis loses radial pulse

A

Giant cell arteritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which vasculitis loses tibial and dorsal pedis pulse

A

Thromboangiitis obliterans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Thromboangiitis obliterans

A

AKA Burger’s disease
Producing obstruction due to inflammation and fibrosis, peripheral blood vessels, primarily in extremities (hands and feet)
Idiopathic, episodic, move around, intermittent claudication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the first sign of Thromboangiitis obliterans

A

Intermittent claudication of center of arch of foot, palm of hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sign and Symptoms of Thromboangiitis obliterans

A

Edema, rubor (redness of the skin from dilated capillaries under the skin), cyanosis, thin shiny hairless skin,
Inflammation of superficial thrombophelebitis is common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who gets Thromboangiitis obliterans

A

men Heavy smokers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which vasculitis associated with Hepatitis B

A

Polyarteritis nodusa often invovle kidneys, heart, liver, GI tracts, muscles testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who gets Polyarteritis nodusa

A

Common among IV drug abusers - sensitivity III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does Giant cell arthritis lead to

A

Blindness, stroke, heart attack, aortic dissection (type of aneurysm blood flows between layers (media, interna)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does Thromboangiitis obliterans lead to

A

Inflammation superficial thrombophelebitis si common as is ulceration, amputation
Can result in progressive disability from pain and loss of function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does Polyarteritis nodusa lead to

A

Pericarditis, myocarditis, arrhythmias, MI, aneurysm, hemorrhage, thrombosis, fibrosis
Prognosis poor without treatment, excellent with treatment
Treatment meds (corticosteroids, immunosuppressants)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is aneurysm

A

An abnormal stretching (dilation or dilitation) in the wall of an artery, a vein or the heart with a diameter that is at least 50% greater than normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

3 types of Aneurysm

Study These Flashcards
A

Aortic: MOST COMMON for an arterial aneurysm
(Thoracic - ascending, transverse or first part of descending portion of the aorta)
Mycotic: caused by bacterial or fungal infection. Salmonella and syphilis most common
Atherosclerotic: Due to the build up of fatty deposits on the inner wall of the arteries

22
Q

Aneurysm etiology

Study These Flashcards
A 
age >50
Atherosclerosis
Congenital connective tissue weakness such as marfan
Genetics
Trauma to the vessels
Inflammatory disease
infections
23
Q

3 types of aneurysm formation

Study These Flashcards
A

saccular, fusiform, raputered

24
Pathogenesis of aneurysm
Plaque formation - erosion of vessel wall - stretching of the inner and outer layer of the artery -formation of a sac- become more fibrotic-force of blood pressure can tear or rupture
25
Clinical manifestation of aneurysm
``` Asymptomatic, Distended neck veins MI Stroke (hemorrhagic stroke) Renal failure, paraplegia (impairment in motor or sensory function of the LE) , etc ```
26
Disorders of the small vessels (4 types)
Telangiectasia Frostbite Diabetic microangiopathy (3 types) Decompression sickness (2 types)
27
What is telangiectasia
AKA spider veins Vascular lesion formed by dilatation of a group of small blood vessels May appear as a birth mark in young children maybe associate with long term sun exposure, standing, age, varicose veins, gender, pregnancy, trauma, steroid teratment
28
Where is telangiectasia most commonly seen?
Face and thighs
29
What is frost bites
localized medical condition whereby damage is caused to skin and other tissue due to extreme cold
30
Frost bite two classification
Superficial frostbite -affects skin and subcutaneous tissue | Deep frostbite - extends beyond the superficial tissue white skin, pain blisters, tissue necrosis, gangrene
31
What is Diabetic microangiopathy
poorly controlled hyperglycemia leads to vascular complications that affect small (microvascular) vessels, large vessels or both
32
Diabetic microangiopathy 3 types
Diabetic retinopathy: MOST COMMON cause of ADULT BLINDNESS, characterized by retinal capillary microaneurysm Diabetic neuropathy: nerve ischemia from microvascular disease, direct effects of hyperglycemia on neurons, and intracelluar metabolic changes that impair nerve function Diabetic nephropathy: glomerular (part of kidney)sclerosis and fibrosis caused by metabolic and hemodynamic changes of DM. #1 cause of RENAL FAILURE
33
Diabetic Microangiopathy MOI
Glycosylation of serum and tissue protein Superoxide production activation of signaling molecules that increases vascular permeability and cause endothelial dysfunction Hypertension and dyslipidemias arterial microthromboses Profinflammatory and prothrombotic effect of hyper glycemia and hyperinsulinemia that impair vascular autoregulation
34
What is decompression sickness
The bends, divers disease Rapid pressure reduction causes gas previously dissolved in blood or tissues to form bubbles in blood vessles N2 dissolves in fat, tissues with a high lipid content (e.g. CNS) are particularly susceptible.
35
Henry's law
Amount of gas solved in a liquid is proportional to the pressure exerted on the gas and liquid
36
Type I and Type II Decompression sickness
Type I - progressively worsening pain in the joints and muscles. Pain intensifies during movements. Lymphadenopathy, skin mottling, itching Type II-neurologic/respiratory, paresis, numbness, tingling, difficult urinate, Headache, dizziness, seizure, massive pulmonary embolism can result in circulatory collapse and death
37
What is Varicose vein
AKA varicosities Abnormal dilation of veins leading tortuosity (twist and turn) of the vessel, incompetence of the valves, and a propensity to thrombosis
38
Who gets varicose vein
Women>men till 70 years old | 70 % of women ages 60-70 have varicose vein.
39
Where is the common site for varicose vein?
LE, saphenous vein, rectum and anal canal (hemorrhoids), Variocele (scrotum), esophagus
40
What does varicose vein lead to
Ulcers, thrombosis, phlebitis (inflammation of the vein)
41
partial or full occlusion of a vein by a clot
Venous thrombosis
42
Partial or complete occlusion of a vein by a thrombus with a secondary inflammatory reaction in the wall of the vein
Thrombophlebitis
43
inflammation of a vein, predisposing a person to clot formation
Phlebothrombitis
44
Deep Vein Thrombosis
3rd MOST COMMON Cardiovascular disease after coronary artery episode (heart attack), Cerebrovascular accidents (stroke) Usually in calf. lead to pulmonary emboli. Popliteal, femoral, iliac vein, inferior venacava
45
What does deep vein thrombosis associate with
Pulmonary emboli
46
What causes DVT?
Genetics, pills, smoking, venous stasis, hyper coagulability,
47
What is chronic venous insufficiency
AKA post phlebitis syndrome, venous stasis Edema, reddish brown pigmentation at ankles and ulcers with white creamy to fibrous slough over a base of granulation tissue
48
what is Rhaynaud's disease (2 type)
Raynad's phenomenon: secondary to another disease or underlaying cause Raynaud's disease: primary vaso spastic
49
Raynaud's color change
Blue - white - red
50
When does the person likely to get Chronic venous insufficiency
Secondary to Varicose veins, or severe cases of DVT, leg trauma, neoplasms
51
who gets Raynaud's
Idiopathic, but smoking (men) marital status, alcohol (women) maybe the factor. More common in women.
52
What is Raynauds' associated with
occlusive arterial disease, neurogenic lesions, TOS, frostbite, trauma, chronic use of vibrating equipment, injury to the small vessels of hands, repetitive stress
53
what is Raynaud's
intermittent episodes of small artery or arteriole constriction of the extremities causing temporary pallor and cyanosis of the digits and changes in skin temperature Occurs in response to cold temperature, anxiety or excitement

Systemic pathology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions