Disorder of URT

Question 1

Deviated Septum
S/S
Etiology

Answer 1

Broken nose: protrudes more to one side of nasal passage
S/S: post nasal discharge, sinusitis, facial pain, deformity, nose bleeds
Et: trauma, congenital

Question 2

Septoplasty

Answer 2

deviation reconstruction & alignment with minimal cartilage and bone removal

Question 3

Submucosal Resection

Answer 3

Removal of deviated section of cartilage and bone

Question 4

Pre-op interventions

Answer 4

Avoid aspirin or NSAIDS two weeks prior; inform of swelling & discomfort post-op

Question 5

Post-op assessment

Answer 5

AIRWAY, HOB 45°, mouth breathing; bleeding-ice pack 24 hrs, no blowing nose, avoid swimming, smoking, nasal sprays, no lifting(straining)

Question 6

Epistaxis

Answer 6

nosebleed

Question 7

Anterior epistaxis occurs in

Answer 7

children, young adults

Question 8

Posterior epistaxis occurs in and it is an _____!!!

Answer 8

older adults EMERGENCY

Question 9

Epistaxis caused by:

Answer 9

trauma, foreign bodies, chronic infections, nasal spray abuse, street drugs, anatomic malformation, allergic rhinitis, tumors

Question 10

Therapeutic Management of epistaxis

Answer 10

Keep pt quiet, pressure, sit and lean forward, breath through mouth, and pinch nostrils. apply ice, cauterization

Question 11

management of nasal packing:

Answer 11

check position of packing, bed rest, assess respiratory distress, liquid diet, ↑ mouth care, monitor for infection.

Question 12

Complications of nasal packing:

Answer 12

1)septal hematoma- from trauma, 2)septal pressure necrosis- from being too tight and 3)sinusitis 4)toxic shock syndrome

Question 13

If packing fails to stop bleeding?

Answer 13

surgery

Question 14

Discharge instructions for packing:

Answer 14

avoid vigorous nose blowing, sneeze with mouth open, lifting, straining (4-6 weeks), NSAIDS

Question 15

Acute viral rhinitis

Answer 15

acute coryza or common cold: inflammation of nasal mucosa

Question 16

Most common symptom of cold:

Answer 16

cough

Question 17

Colds are caused by _______:

Answer 17

Viruses

Question 18

Colds are spread by:

Answer 18

droplet-breathing(talking sneezing coughing)
hand to mouth, nose or eyes
winter months spent inside

Question 19

Patho of acute viral rhinitis

Answer 19

virus causes mucous membranes to swell and become congested

Question 20

S/S of acute viral rhinitis

Answer 20

COUGH, tickling, irritation, sneezing, dry nasopharynx, nasal secretions, nasal obstruction, watery eyes, ↑ temp, genreal malaise, and headache

Question 21

Treatment for acute viral rhinitis

Answer 21

no cure, salt water gargle, antihistamine, 2-4 L fluids/day, rest, proper nutrition

Question 22

Allergic Rhinitis

Answer 22

reaction of nasal mucosa to allergen

Question 23

Seasonal allergic rhinitis

Answer 23

same time each year

Question 24

Chronic Allergic Rhinitis

Tx:

Answer 24

-intermittent, no seasonal pattern
-exposure to dust, dander etc
Tx:antihistamines

Question 25

Influenza caused by: Etiology: S/S

Answer 25

VIRUS Et: direct or indirect droplet contact S/S: abrupt onset of respiratory symptoms, nasal discharge, SOB

Question 26

Flu medications

Answer 26

-Rimantadine(Flumadine) or Amantadine(Symmetrel)-prevents or reduces symptoms in high risk its exposed to flu but not vaccinated Zanamivir(Relenza) or Oseltamivir(Tamiflu)-prevents virus budding & spreading to other cells Given 2 days after symptoms develop Shown to reduce symptoms & severity of flu

Question 27

``` Sinusitis Etiology: S/S: Diagnostics Tx: ```

Answer 27

-Infection of mucous membranes of one of the paranasal sinuses -Et:Blockage of sinus drainage occurs, rich medium for bacteria MAXILLARY SINUS MOST FREQUENTLY AFFECTED-largest ad easiest to treat can cause brain and ear infections when frontal sinus affected S/S: nasal blockage, stuffiness, purulent discharge, slight temperature increase, pressure and pain over involved area. Malaise, lack of appetite, nausea, cough sore throat, orbital edema, headache Diagnostics: sinus x-ray, CT scan Tx:Pain relief, HOB up, control infection

Question 28

Antitussive

Answer 28

good for a dry hacking cough non-narcotic(Benylin DM, Novahistine) Adverse Rx: dixxiness, drowsiness, GI upset

Question 29

Narcotics

Answer 29

(Codene) Supress cough reflex, direct depressant effect on cough center in medulla, symptom relief of non-productive cough Common sx: sedation, dizziness, nausea, dry mouth, constipation

Question 30

Expectorants | Meds:

Answer 30

- Facilitate removal of secretions of bronchopulmonary mucous membranes - Guaifenesin(Mucinex), Robotussin, Organidin - Terpin Hydrate:decreases phlegm adhesiveness

Question 31

Nasal Decongestants

Answer 31

Relieves nasal congestion & cold symptoms, direct vasoconstrictive action on arterioles in nasal mucosa CAN BE ADDICTIVE

Question 32

Antihistamines | Meds:

Answer 32

Relieve allergic response symptoms of sneezing, congestions, secretions. -Tavist, Benedryl, Chlor-Trimeton

Question 33

Polyps | S/S

Answer 33

Benign mucous membrane masses. From slowly in response to repeated inflammation of sinus or nasal mucosa -Bluish glossy projections in nares S/S: nasal obstruction, clear discharge, speech distortion