Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Orbit > Disorders 1 > Flashcards

Disorders 1 Flashcards

1
Q

dermoid cyst (choristoma)

A

arises from dermal elements (neural crest)
MC orbital mass in childhood
lined by keratinizing dpi with dermal appendages
usually near SUPEROTEMPORAL quad
can lead to bony erosion and rupture can lead to severe inflammation
CT: well circumscribed with bony molding
TX: remove, en bloc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epidermoid Cyst

A

ONLY epidermis, NO dermal appendages
filled with keratin
rupture = acute inflammatory process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lipodermoid

A

solid tumor, beneath conj over lateral surface of glove

hard to excise; can look like prolapsed orbital fat, prolapsed lacrimal gland or lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Teratoma

A

rare, cystic tumor arises from >2 germinal layers (ectoderm + endoderm and/or mesoderm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

capilalry hemangioma

A

MC benign tumor
starts first few weeks of life, increases over first 6-12 months, regression by 5-8 yo
superior nasal quadrant of orbit and medial upper eyelid
F > M
diffuse unencapsulated irregular mass of plump endothelial cells/small vascular channels
s/s: strawberry nevus, when in orbit can look blue and with proptosis
CT: well circumscribed lesion
TX: obs, propanolol
Complications: high output CHF with multiple hemangiomas; respiratory compromise with subglottic ones
strabismus/amblyopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Kassabach- Merrit syndrome

A

consumptive coagulopathy, platelet trapping, leads to thrombocytopenia and cardiac failure; 30% mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

unencapsulated cysts

A

capillary hemangioma

lymphangioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

lymphangioma

A

rare, lymphatic filled choristoma
superonasal
eyelids, conj, deeper orbital tissues
waxes and wanes; does NOT involute
acute pain, proptosis, bluish hue to overlying lid, can hemorrhage into channels (chocolate cyst)
path: lymph filled vascular channels lined with endothelium
CT/MRI: infiltrative pattern
TX: obs, rarely surgical b/c hard to completely excise and can recur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Albright Syndrome

A

polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (multiple bones involved); short stature, premature closure of epiphyssis, precocious puberty, hyperpigmented macules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cavernous hemangioma

A

MC benign tumor in adults
slow porgressive proptosis
can induce hyperopia
CT: well demarcated, ENCAPSULATED intraconal mass
path: lesion filled with flood filled cavernous spaces, lined by endothelial cells
MRI: hypointense to fat on T1 weighted images, hyperintense to fat and equivalent to vitreous on T2 weighted images

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hemangiopericytoma

A

rare tumor, abnl pericytes surround blood vessels
middle aged women
can METASTASIZE to lung, bone, and liver
slowly progressive proptosis, can be painful
CT: well circumscribed, encapsulated mass
Tx: COMPLETE removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Schwannoma

A

encapulated
no malignant potential
can be painful
superior orbit
can grow along ANY peripheral or cranial nerve (MC = CN 8)
rarely associated with NF
path: S-100 stain (stains everything of neural crest origin)
Antoni A: spindle cells arranged in interlacing cords, whorls, or palisades, have verocay bodies
Antoni B: loose, myxoid, stellatTe cells with a mucoid stroma
CT: well circumscribed, fusiform mass
TX: complete surgical excision, can recur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

optic nerve sheath meningioma

A

MC women
increased incidence in NF paitnets
from arachnoid cells in meninges
have decreased VA/color vision, visual field loss, proptosis, disc edema or pallor
path: sheets of cells or whorls, psammoma bodies (calcified) in the center
CT: tram track enhancement
TX: obs, surgery to prevent involvement of optic nerve/chiasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

spencer’s triad

A

optociliary shunts, optic atrophy, optic nerve mengioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sphenoid wing meningioma

A

MC tumor to spread to orbit from intracranial spac
s/s: temporal fullness, proptosis, lid edema
CT: hyperostosis/calcification
Tx: obs/excise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lymphoid tumor

A 
abnl proliferation of lymphoid tissue
make up 20% of all orbital tumors
90% are non Hodgkins B-cell 
are conjunctival/lacrimal gland lesions painLESS proptosis
MUST have workup for systemic lymphoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia

A

bilateral painless enlargement of the lacrimal gland

path: mature lymphocytes with reactive germinal centers; T cells; 60-80% with scattered polyclonal B cells

18
Q

atypical lymphoid hyperplasia

A

LOW grade lymphoma, no mitotic activity
path: follicles and polymorphous response = benign process
40% develop systemic disease in 5 years

19
Q

lymphoma

A

superior orbit
adults
s/s: limitation of EOM, painless lacrimal gland swelling, conj salmon patch
path: ATYPICAL immature lymphocytes with mitoses; monoclonal B-cell proliferations 60-90% with scattered or reactive T cells
CT: putty like molding of tumor, orbital tissues NOT displaced
TX: radiotherapy, chemo
more like to be systemic with in eyelids > orbit > conj

20
Q

Ossifying fibroma

A

well circumscribed slow growing monostotic (only in one bone) lesion
path: vascular stroma with lamellar bone with a rim of osteoid and osteoblasts

21
Q

osteoma

A

dense bony lesions originating int eh frontal and ehmoid sinus
well circumscribed, slow growing mass
sxs 2/2 sinus obstruction/intracranial or intraorbital extension
path: lamellar bone with variable amounts of fibrous stroma

22
Q

fibrous histiocytoma

A

firm orbital mass made up of fibroblasts and histiocytes
usually beign
MC mesenchymal orbital lesion of adults
path: storiform (cartwheel or spiral), nebular pattern of tumor cells (fibroblasts)
CT: well circumscribed mass anywhere in orbit, MC upper nasal

23
Q

Pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumor)

A

MC epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland
4th-5th decade
MC male
slow onset
firm mass in lacrimal fossa with painless proptosis, globe will be medial and down
path: proliferation of epithelial cells into a double layer, makes lumina with ductal and secretory elements; ductal inner cells secrete mucus; outer stromal cells give rise to fibrous stroma/osteoid and cartilaginous metaplasia
TX: complete en bloc resection (incomplete can lead to malignant transformation into pleomorphic adenocarcinoma

24
Q

pleomorphic adenocarcinoma (malignant mixed tumor)

A 
mass in lacrimal fossa for a long time
elderly individuals 
rapid progressive painful proptosis
path: similar to benign mixed tumor but with foci of malignant change
tx: radical orbitectomy and bone removal
25
Q

adenoid cystic carcinoma

A

MC malignant tumor of the lacrimal gland, highly malignant
in 4th decade
rapidly progressive proptosis, pain, paresthesia 2/2 perineural invasion/bony destruction (get MRI to see this)
path: small benign appearing cells that are in nest, tubules, or in a “swiss cheese” cribitform pattern
CT: poorly circumscribed mass, bony destruction, calcifications
tx: removal of any bone that is involved
ajunc radiation/chemo
prognosis: poor, survival 20-70%

26
Q

sinus mucocele

A

cystic slowly expanding sinus lesion
mucus can get entrapped and exert pressure on surronding bony structures
if infected - mucopyocele
associated with cystic fibrosis
r/o encephalocele and mingocele
MC: at frontoethmoid sinus
CT: homogenous opacified cyst with bowing of sinus wall and ith attenuation/erosion of bone
Tx; surgical excision with IV antibiotics, reestablish normal drainage

27
Q

sinus carcinoma

A

usually SCC
MC from maxillary sinus
nonaxial proptosis, epiphora, epistaxis, infraorbital anesthesia

28
Q

nonaxial proptosis

A

???

29
Q

metastatic tumors

A

with kids - they met to the orbit more often than to uvea

30
Q

breast carcinoma

A

if to the eye, can lead to bony erosion and enophthalmos

31
Q

sinus carcinoma

A

usually SCC
MC from maxillary sinus
nonaxial proptosis, epiphora, epistaxis, infraorbital anesthesia

32
Q

nonaxial proptosis

A

???

33
Q

metastatic tumors

A

with kids - they met to the orbit more often than to uvea

34
Q

breast carcinoma

A

if to the eye, can lead to bony erosion and enophthalmos

35
Q

angular blepharitis

A

associated with moraxella

36
Q

acne roascea

A

idiopathic, chronic skin disorder affecting sebaceous glands (MG)
type IV hypersensitivity
>50% with ocular involvement
abnormal tear fild, recurrent chalazions, can get keratitis with peripheral corneal infiltrates, telangiectasia
path: granulomatous inflammation
tx: WC/LS, oral doxy, eryhtro, oral flaxseed oil, omega 3 FA, toipical azithromycin, topical metronidazole

37
Q

hordeolum pathology

A

epitheloid and giant cells surround empty lipid vacuoles, zonal granulomatous inflammation

38
Q

molluscum contagiosum

A

shing white yellow papule
poxvirus
think of HIV when this is in healthy adult
can cause follicular conjunctivitis and puntate keratitis
path: lobular acanthosis, large basophilic poxviral intracytoplasmic inclusions composed of nucleic acids from DNA virus

39
Q

leprosy

A

acid fast bbacillus mycobacterium leprae
tuberculid and lepromatous leprosy - affects lids
loss of lashes, trichiasis, ectropion and exposure keratitis
dapsone/rifampin

40
Q

meige’s syndrome

A

essential blepharospasm with facial grimacing

41
Q

Erdheim Chester disease

A

Lipoid granulomatosis dz
Forms in liver, heart kidney lungs
S: proptosis, xanthelesma
Path: histiocytes, touton cells

Orbit (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions