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DISORDERS Flashcards

1
Q

How long does someone need to experience GAD symptoms for diagnosis purposes?

A

6 months, with excessive worry occuring more days than not.

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2
Q

What is Criteria B in GAD diagnosis?

A

The individual finds it difficult to control worry.

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3
Q

Name 3 of 6 associated symptoms needed in GAD (only one needed in children).

A
  1. Feeling restless/keyed up
  2. Easily Fatigued
  3. Irritability
  4. Muscle tension
  5. Difficulty concentrating
  6. Sleep disturbances
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4
Q

Criterion D, E, F in GAD?

A
  • Symptoms cause significant impairment/distress
  • Not attributable to medical/substance/physiological condition
  • Not better explained by other mental disorder
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5
Q

Who is more likely to experience GAD?

A

Females - twice as likely as males.

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6
Q

Time period for symptom onset after stressor in Adjustment Disorder?

A

within 3 months.

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7
Q

What constitutes “clinically significant” behaviours/symptoms in Criterion B of adjustment Disorder?

A
  1. Marked distress out of proportion to severity of stressor
  2. Significant impairment in important areas of functioning
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8
Q

What is Criterion C in adjustment disorder?

A

Can’t meet criteria for another disorder or be exacerbation of exisiting disorder.

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9
Q

What should NOT be mistaken for adjustment disorder?

A

Normal bereavement/grief.

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10
Q

What is Criterion E in adjustment disorder?

A

Symptoms do not persist for more than an additional 6 months once stressor has terminated.

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11
Q

What patterns or types stressors are possible for Adjustment Disorder?

A

Single (eg. romantic break up)
Recurrent (seasonal business issues, recurring university exam stress)
Continuous (living in poverty, living with difficult disability)

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12
Q

Timings for acute stress disorder, adjustment disorder, PTSD?

A

Adjustment disorder: immediately - persisting up to 6 months.
Acute stress: lasting at least 3 days and up to 1 month since onset of stress.
PTSD: after one month since the traumatic event occurred.

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13
Q

To diagnose Antisocial personality disorder the person must be ___ and have met criteria for ___ since before ___

A

18 years old, conduct disorder, 15 years old

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14
Q

A pervasive pattern of ?? is included in Criterion A of Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

Disregard for and violation of the rights of others since age 15

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15
Q

Name 3 out of 7 possible symptoms for Criterion A of Antisocial personality disorder? Hint: FLIICRD

A
  1. Failure to conform w lawful behaviours
  2. Lack of remorse
  3. Impulsive
  4. Irritability an aggressiveness
  5. Consistent irresponsibility
  6. Reckless disregard for safety
  7. Deceitfulness
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16
Q

Possible disorders to be ruled out that may increase antisocial behaviour?

A

Bipolar and Schizophrenia

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17
Q

What is the relationship between Alzheimer’s and Major Neurocognitive Disorder?

A

Alzheimer’s disease is one possible cause of dementia (also known as Major Neurocognitive Disorder) - but not the only cause. MND - description of symptoms which can have mutiple causes. Alzheimers - pathological brain disease.

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18
Q

When is cyclothymic disorder considered appropriate?

A

The diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder is given to adults who experience at least 2 years (for children, a full year) of both hypomanie and depressive periods without ever fulfilling the criteria for an episode of mania, hypomania, or major depression.

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19
Q

What defines a manic episode in Bipolar 1? (4)

A
  1. abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood
  2. abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy
  3. lasting at least 1 week
  4. present most of the day, nearly every day
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20
Q

Name 4 Criterion B symptoms for Bipolar 1?

A
  1. Inflated self esteem/grandiosity
  2. Decreased need for sleep
  3. More talkative/pressure to keep talking
  4. Flight of ideas/racing thoughts
  5. Distractability
  6. Increase in psychomotor agitation or goal directed activity
  7. Risky or dangerous behaviours
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21
Q

What does “flight of ideas” mean?

A

rapid speech pattern with abrupt topic changes characterized by loosely connected or unrelated thoughts.

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22
Q

What is Criterion C of Bipolar 1?

A

Significant impairment of functioning OR requiring hospitalisations OR psychotic features

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23
Q

How many manic episodes are required for Bipolar 1 diagnosis?

A

At least one

24
Q

How does hypomanic episode differ to manic?

A

Change in functioning is uncharacteristic and observable to others but does require hospitalisation, significantly impact functioning or have psychotic features.

25
How many days does a hypomanic episode need to last for diagnosis?
At least 4
26
Is a hypomanic episode required for Bipolar 1 diagnosis?
No. They are common but are not required for Bipolar 1 diagnosis. (At least one manic episode is though).
27
Is a major depressive episode required for Bipolar 1 diagnosis?
No. They are common but are not required for Bipolar 1 diagnosis.
28
Most common type of hallucinations in schizophrenia?
Auditory - approx 80% of those diagnosed experience auditory hallucinations
29
What is a "delusion"?
Holding a fixed, false belief despite evidence to the contrary
30
What are three positive symptoms in schizophrenia?
1. Hallucinations 2. Delusions (paranoid, control, grandeur, erotomania, delusions of reference) 3. Disorganised speech (word salad)
31
What do negative symptoms mean in schizophrenia?
Deficits in normal emotions and thoughts
32
Examples of negative symptoms in schizophrenia? Hint: 5A's
1. Affect - blunted (little emotion) 2. Anhedonia 3. Alogia (speech lacks content) 4. Asociality (lack of interest in social connection) 5. Avolition - (lack of motivation)
33
Cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Low attention levels Difficulty with problem solving Poor decision making
34
What characteristics usually appear in the prodromal phase of schizophrenia?
Cognitive and negative symptoms (followed by the first episode of psychosis)
35
What does DSM-5 require for schizophrenia diagnosis?
2 symptoms present for over one month including: 1 + positive symptom 1 + negative symptom or disorganised/catatonic behaviour Significant impact on functioning for 6 months +
36
Typical age of schizophrenia is ___ in males than in females. Schizophrenia is ___ common in females when compared to males.
younger (25ish) , less common
37
What is rapid cycling in bipolar disorder?
4+ episodes of mania or depressive episodes in 12 months
38
Who is more frequently diagnosed with Bipolar disorder, males or females?
Bipolar disorder is considered relatively equal across the sexes.
39
What do we mean by "anxiety"?
A state of apprehension or uneasiness in anticipation of a real or perceived threat
40
Prevalance Rates of Disorders - most common to least in GENERAL POPULATION- BASED ON NPE BOOK
PTSD 6.4% Somatic Symptom Disorder 5-7% Substance Abuse 5.1% Adjustment Disorder 5-20% Social Anxiety 4.7% Depression 4.1% Seperation Anxiety 4% children Panic Disorder 3% ADHD 2.5-5% GAD 2-3.5% Conduct Disorder 2-10% OCD 1.9% BPD 1.6% - 5.9% Bulimia 1-1.5% ASD 1% BED 0.8-1.6 Anorexia 0.4% Antisocial Personality 0.2 - 3.3% Schizophrenia - data unclear but suggested low
41
Most common 4 disorders in Australia based on Gen Pop figures?
Anxiety Disorders 28.8% Depressive Disorders 7.5% PTSD 6.4% Substance Abuse 5.1%
42
4 least common disorders in Australia based on Gen Pop figures?
BED 0.8-1.6 Anorexia 0.4% Antisocial Personality 0.2 - 3.3% Schizophrenia - data unclear but suggested low
43
How long does someone need to have been experiencing ADHD symptoms for a diagnosis to be considered?
At least 6 months with several symptoms onset observable before 12 years
44
How many ADHD symptoms are necessary for diagnosis?
6+ of Attention Defecit AND/OR hyperactivity/Impulsivity
45
What contextual criterion are considered in ADHD diagnosis?
Symptoms MUST be present in 2+ settings and must impact significantly on functioning (academic, social, occupational)
46
Inattention manifests behaviorally in ADHD as....
wandering off task, lacking persistence, having difficulty sustaining focus, and being disorganized and is not due to defiance or lack of comprehension.
47
Hyperactivity in ADHD manifests as...
Excessive motor energy, fidgeting restlessness usually paired with impulsivity (hasty actions).
48
Borderline Personality disorder is a pattern of instability in: (HINT: AIRS)
Affect Impulsivity Relationships Self-Image
49
How many symptoms are required to diagnose BPD?
5 +
50
Symptoms of BPD include (9) SCUUFIIIT
- Unstable relationships (Idealisation/Devaluation - Suicidal ideation or behaviours - Unstable sense of self/self image - Inappropriate anger or difficulty controlling - Frantic efforts to avoid abandonement - Impulsivity in 2+ areas that are potentially damaging - Transient paranoia or dissociation - Instability in mood - Chronic feelings of emptiness
51
UNDER-rexia Mnemonic for Anorexia:
Underweight Nervousness about gaining weight Distorted Perceptions Excessive Exercise Restricting Calories
52
BOWL-emia Mnemonic for Bulimia:
Binge eating Offsetting (Purging behaviours) Weekly (binge/purge episodes occuring at least weekly for 3 months) Link to self esteem
53
Which ED is less responsive to medication?
Anorexia
54
Which ED is more evenly seen in men and women?
Binge eating disorder
55
When does ARFID generally start to be seen in individuals?
Ages 5/6
56

NPE TRICKY BITS (6 decks)

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