Disorders

Question 1

Microtia

Answer 1

very small pinna

Question 2

Anotia

Answer 2

absence of a pinna

Question 3

External Otitis

Answer 3

swimmers ear

Question 4

Atresia

Answer 4

ear canal never formed, can be unilateral or bilateral

Question 5

Stenosis

Answer 5

extreme narrowing of the ear canal, easily blocked with wax or debris

Question 6

Tympanoplasty or Myringoplasty

Answer 6

rebuilding the TM using fascia/cartilage

Question 7

Tympanosclerosis

Answer 7

Calcium plaques appear on TM

Question 8

Acute Otitis Media

Answer 8

infection creeps up the eustachian tube and spreads though out the middle ear cavity; the eustachian tube is swollen and does not open and close to equalize pressure

Question 9

Cholesteatoma

Answer 9

skin from the EAC is introduced to the middle ear cleft; invasive and erosive (may destroy ossicles or invade brain cavity)

Question 10

Mastoiditis

Answer 10

infection of the mastoid process

Question 11

Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

Answer 11

leads to negative middle ear pressure

Question 12

Serous Otitis Media

Answer 12

Vacuum in the middle ear due to negative pressure

Question 13

Mucous Otitis Media

Answer 13

Thick mucous blown up the eustachian tube into the middle ear; glue ear

Question 14

Otosclerosis

Answer 14

spongy bone growth over the footplate of the stapes

Question 15

Stapedectomy

Answer 15

treatment for otosclerosis; removal or the stapes

Question 16

Stapedotomy

Answer 16

treatment for otosclerosis; small hole in the bone between the ME and IE to avoid the trauma to the IE caused by complete removal of stapes footplate

Question 17

Rh Incompatibility

Answer 17

baby is Rh positive and mother is Rh negative (damage babies red blood cells and they cannot carry oxygen)

Question 18

In utero infections

Answer 18

occur when bacteria or other pathogens infect the placenta, amniotic fluid, or membranes around a fetus
- the main development of the cochlea occurs during the sixth fetal week and the organ of corti at the 12th week

Question 19

Zika virus

Answer 19

mosquito virus

Question 20

Anoxia

Answer 20

oxygen deprivation

Question 21

In utero cytomegalovirus

Answer 21

31% have hearing loss; developmental and motor delay; vision loss, microcephaly, seizures

Question 22

Toxoplasmosis

Answer 22

may appear healthy at birth and symptoms may develop within the first 6 months
- hearing loss, vision loss, low birth weight, difficulty feeding, hydrocelphalus, seizures

Question 23

Bacterial Meningitis

Answer 23

inflammation of the meninges; most susceptible to children 1 month to 2 years; onset of symptoms is fast; cochlea fills with pus then ossifies

Question 24

Radiation-induced hearing loss

Answer 24

due to radiotherapy done to treat brain tumors and head and neck tumors

Question 25

Sudden Idiopathic Sensorineural loss

Answer 25

rapid and unexplained loss of hearing in one ear (72 hours)

Question 26

Meniere's Disease

Answer 26

Endolymphatic hydrops - over secretion or under absorption of endolymph in scala media and semicircular canals; sudden dramatic sequence of events (fullness in one ear, low frequency roaring tinnitus, vomiting, etc)

Question 27

Presbycusis

Answer 27

Hearing loss due to aging

Question 28

Enlarged vestibular aqueduct

Answer 28

mild head impact/barotrauma