Disorders and Anomalies of Scrotal Contents Flashcards

1
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

Undescended testis

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2
Q

MC disorder of sexual differentiation in boys

A

Cryptorchidism

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3
Q

Testicular descent occurs when

A

7-8m AOG

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4
Q

___% of premature male infants have undescended testis

A

30%

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5
Q

Majority of undescended testes descend spontaneously when

A

During the first 3 months of life

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6
Q

If the testis has not descended by ___ it will remain undescended

A

4 months

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7
Q

T/F Risk of germ cell malignancy in an undescended testis is 2-4x higher than in the general population

A

T

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8
Q

T/F Risk of germ cell malignancy in bilateral undescended testes is higher than with a unilateral undescended testis

A

T

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9
Q

MC tumor developing in an undescended testis in an adolescent or adult

A

Seminoma (65%)

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10
Q

T/F Contralateral testicular hypertrophy is 100% diagnostic that a testis is absent

A

F, not 100% but is a soft sign

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11
Q

Congenital undescended testis should be treated surgically not later than

A

9-15 mos of age

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12
Q

Hormonal treatment is INFREQUENTLY used for undescended testis but what hormone may stimulate testicular descent

A

HCG, stimulates Leydig cell production of testosterone or LHRH

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13
Q

Torsion is the MCC of testicular pain in boys of what age

A

22 yrs and older

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14
Q

Torsion is uncommon in what age group

A

Before 10y/o

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15
Q

Torsion is caused by

A

Redundant tunica vaginalis resulting in inadequate fixation of the testis (bell clapper deformity)

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16
Q

Within ___ hours, absent of blood flow to the testis, irreversible loss of spermatogenesis can occur

A

4-6

17
Q

Testicular torsion can be differentiated from incarcerated since ___ is absent with torsion

A

Swelling in the inguinal area

18
Q

T/F Cremasteric reflex is nearly always absent with torsion

A

T

19
Q

T/F Manual detorsion may be attempted with testicular torsion

A

T, if pain duration is <4-6 hours

20
Q

Treatment for testicular torsion

A

Prompt surgical exploration and detorsion

21
Q

If the testis is explored within ___, up to 90% of the gonads survivce

A

6 hours of torsion

22
Q

T/F Fertility is reduced in men with a history of spermatic cord torsion in adolescence, irrespective of whether detorsion or orchiectomy is performed

A

T

23
Q

MCC of testicular pain in boys 2-10y/o

A

Torsion of appendix testis (rare in adolescents

24
Q

Varicocele is a congenital condition in which there is an abnormal dilation of the

A

Pampiniform plexus

25
Q

MC and virtually the only surgically correctable cause of subfertility in men

A

Varicocele

26
Q

Varicocele that might indicate an abdominal or retroperitoneal mass

A

Boy <10 OR located on the right

27
Q

T/F Varicocele is typically a PAINLESS paratesticular mass

A

T

28
Q

Described as a bag of worms

A

Varicocele

29
Q

Grades of varicocele

A

Examined with the boy standing: Gr 1 palpable only with valsalva, Gr 2 palpable without valsalva but is not visible on inspection, Gr 3 visible with inspection

30
Q

Gole of varicocelectomy

A

Maximize chances of fertility

31
Q

Hydrocele is accumulation of fluid in the

A

Tunica vaginalis

32
Q

T/F in most cases, varicocele is noncommunicating

A

T, procesus was obliterated during development

33
Q

T/F Fluid of hydrocele disappears spontaneously by what age

A

1y/o

34
Q

If there is a persistently patent processus, how does the hydrocele present as

A

Becomes progressively larger during the day and small in the morning

35
Q

Long-term risk of a communicating hydrocele

A

Development of an inguinal hernia

36
Q

Confirms the fluid-filled nature of the hydrocele

A

Transillumination of the scrotum