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disorders and treatments Flashcards

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1
Q

psychological disorder

A

a condition characterized by significant disturbances in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are maladaptive, unjustifiable, and atypical, leading to distress and impaired functioning

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2
Q

dysfunction

A

a breakdown or impairment in a person’s thinking, emotional regulation, or behavior that reflects a significant problem in psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning

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3
Q

distress

A

the negative stress response, characterized by unpleasant emotions, physiological reactivity, and a feeling of being overwhelmed by demands, losses, or perceived threats

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4
Q

deviance

A

behavior, thoughts, or emotions that differ significantly from what is considered typical or acceptable within a particular social group or culture

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5
Q

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

A

DSM is a classification system that provides a standard for diagnosing and categorizing mental disorders, used by mental health professionals to ensure consistency and reliability in diagnosis

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6
Q

International Classification of Mental Disorders (ICD)

A

ICD a global standard diagnostic classification system used for all medical diagnoses, including mental disorders, for health reporting and clinical applications

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7
Q

eclectic approach

A

a therapeutic method that integrates techniques and principles from various theoretical orientations to tailor treatment to the individual client’s needs

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8
Q

behavioral perspective

A

focuses on observable behaviors and their relationship to environmental stimuli, emphasizing learning through conditioning and reinforcement

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9
Q

psychodynamic perspective

A

emphasizes the influence of unconscious drives and early childhood experiences on shaping personality and behavior

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10
Q

humanistic perspective

A

considers the basic human needs of an individual and how important they really are to the overall happiness of that person

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11
Q

cognitive perspective

A

focuses on how internal mental processes like thinking, memory, and perception influence behavior and actions

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12
Q

evolutionary perspective

A

views human behavior and mental processes through the lens of natural selection, emphasizing how traits and behaviors that enhance survival and reproduction are passed down through generations

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13
Q

sociocultural perspective

A

considers the way that different individuals interact with their social groups and how these social groups influence different individuals and how they develop throughout their lives

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14
Q

biological perspective

A

focuses on how genetics, brain structure and function, and other biological factors influence thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

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15
Q

biopsychosocial model

A

a holistic approach that explains behavior and mental processes by considering the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors

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16
Q

diathesis-stress model

A

suggests that the development of psychological disorders is influenced by both a genetic predisposition and environmental stressors

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17
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorders

A

a group of conditions characterized by impairments in cognitive, communication, behavior, and/or motor skills resulting from abnormal brain development, typically emerging early in life

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18
Q

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (adhd)

A

a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity, often causing difficulties in daily functioning and academic performance

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19
Q

Autism Spectrum disorder (asd)

A

a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent challenges with social communication and interaction, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities

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20
Q

Schizophrenia

A

a mental illness characterized by incoherent or illogical thoughts, bizarre behavior and speech, and delusions or hallucinations, such as hearing voices

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21
Q

delusions

A

characterized by abnormal behavior, strange speech, and a decreased ability to understand reality

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22
Q

Persecution

A

the systematic mistreatment or oppression of an individual or group, often based on shared characteristics like race, religion, or political beliefs

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23
Q

grandeur

A

delusion of inflated self-importance, where the individual believes they have special abilities, are famous, or are of great importance

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24
Q

hallucinations

A

a false sensory perception, meaning a person perceives something that doesn’t exist in reality

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25
disorganized thinking or speech
disruption in the coherence and logical progression of thought processes, leading to incoherent speech and a lack of logical connections between ideas
26
word salad
disorganized, incomprehensible speech characterized by severe loosening of associations, often suggesting a severe form of thought disorder like schizophrenia
27
disorganized motor behavior
unusual and inappropriate movements or actions, such as childlike silliness, purposeless movements, or unpredictable agitation
28
catatonia
a state characterized by a disturbance in motor behavior, often involving rigidity, overactivity, or bizarre postures
29
excitement
an emotional state characterized by enthusiasm and eagerness, often accompanied by a heightened state of physiological arousal
30
negative symptoms
the absence or reduction of normal behaviors, emotions, or thoughts in individuals who have schizophrenia
31
flat affect
a notable lack of emotional expression
32
catatonic stupor
a state characterized by a marked decrease in responsiveness to the environment, often in individuals who have schizophrenia
33
acute schizophrenia
a phase of schizophrenia characterized by a sudden onset of severe psychotic symptoms
34
chronic schizophrenia
persistent mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and social interaction
35
dopamine hypothesis
theory that schizophrenia is linked to overactivity or excess of dopamine in the brain, particularly in the mesolimbic pathway
36
depressive disorders
conditions characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest or pleasure in activities, often impacting daily life
37
major depressive disorder mdd
a mood disorder characterized by a persistent low mood, loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities, and other symptoms like changes in appetite, sleep, fatigue, and low self-esteem
38
persistent depressive disorders
a chronic form of depression characterized by a long-lasting, low-grade depressed mood
39
bipolar disorders
mental health conditions characterized by mood swings between periods of extremely elevated, energized mood (mania or hypomania) and periods of depression
40
mania
state characterized by abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, and increased activity or energy
41
bipolar 1
condition characterized by at least one manic episode lasting at least a week, along with multiple episodes of major depression
42
bipolar 2
condition characterized by at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode, without a full manic episode
43
anxiety disorders
conditions characterized by excessive and persistent fear and anxiety that significantly disrupt daily life
44
specific phobia
persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, situation, or activity
45
acrophobia
an abnormal and irrational fear of heights or high places which can lead to anxiety or panic attacks when exposed to such situations
46
arachnophobia
an irrational fear of spiders
47
agoraphobia
anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear of public or open spaces, often involving the fear of panic attacks or feeling trapped in such situations
48
panic disorder
disorder characterized by repeated, unexpected panic attacks
49
panic attacks
a sudden, intense episode of fear or discomfort, often characterized by physical symptoms like a racing heart, shortness of breath, or dizziness
50
ataque de nervios
characterized by a sudden episode of intense emotional distress, often in response to a stressful or upsetting event, and may involve physical symptoms like shaking, crying, or shouting
51
social anxiety disorder
persistent, intense fear of being watched, judged, or embarrassed by others in social situations, leading to significant distress and difficulty in daily life
52
taijin kyofusho
characterized by an intense fear that one's body, its parts, or functions (like appearance, odor, facial expressions) are displeasing or offensive to others
53
gad
a persistent and excessive worry or anxiety about a variety of things, interfering with daily life
54
ocd
a mental disorder characterized by intrusive and unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) that significantly interfere with daily functioning
55
obsessions
a persistent, intrusive thought, image, or impulse that causes significant anxiety, distress, or discomfort
56
compulsions
a repetitive behavior or mental act that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession, often with the goal of neutralizing the anxiety associated with the obsession
57
hoarding disorder
a mental health condition characterized by persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their value, leading to a buildup of clutter that interferes with daily functioning and creates significant distress
58
dissociative disorders
characterized by a disconnection from one's identity, thoughts, feelings, surroundings, or behavior
59
dissociative amnesia
characterized by a significant gap in memory, often triggered by a stressful or traumatic event
60
dissociative identity disorder
characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states that control the individual's behavior at different times
61
trauma and stress related disorders
conditions that develop in response to traumatic or stressful events
62
ptsd
develops after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event that involves serious injury, death, or threat to the individual's life
63
feeding and eating disorders
category of mental disorders characterized by severe disturbances in a person's eating behaviors, related thoughts, and emotions
64
anorexia nervosa
characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, leading to self-starvation and excessive weight loss
65
bulimia nervosa
involving recurrent episodes of binge eating then purging
66
personality disorders
enduring, inflexible patterns of behavior and inner experience that deviate significantly from cultural expectations and cause distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning
67
cluster a
a group of disorders characterized by odd or eccentric thinking and behavior, and difficulty forming close relationships
68
paranoid personality disorder
a pervasive distrust and suspicion of others, with the belief that their motives are malicious
69
Schizoid personality disorder
characterized by a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a limited range of expression of emotions
70
Schizotypal personality disorder
characterized by a pattern of odd and eccentric thoughts, behaviors, and interpersonal difficulties
71
cluster b
dramatic, erratic, or overly emotional behaviors
72
Antisocial personality disorder
a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, beginning in childhood or early adolescence
73
Histronic personality disorder
a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts
74
Narcissistic personality disorder
a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and occurring in a variety of contexts
75
Borderline personality disorder
characterized by a pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, a distorted sense of self, and intense emotional responses
76
cluster c
group of disorders characterized by prominent anxiety and fearfulness
77
Avoidant personality disorder
a personality disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
78
dependent personality disorder
excessive need to be taken care of by others, leading to clinging and submissive behavior and a fear of separation or abandonment

psychology (3 decks)

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