Disorders of cardiac function Flashcards

Question

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Manifestations

Answer 1

``` > Variable > Decreased stroke volume d/t impaired diastolic filling - Dyspnea - Chest pain - Syncope post exertion ``` > Atrial fibrillation > Lethal ventricular arrhythmias

Answer 2

Any infection of inner lining of heart - Usually staphylococcus aureus - Vegetative (growth) - Involvement of mitral & aortic valves most common - Acute: relatively healthy individual - Sub-acute/chronic: h/o valve abnormalities ``` Risk Factors Infection elsewhere Dental surgery/surgery, IV drug use/contaminants Immunodeficiency/immunosuppression Valve prolapse (sudden or congenital) ```

Answer 3

> Manifestations S&S of systemic infection Heart sound changes Symptoms related to embolism > Complications Emboli (lung, renal, brain, etc.) Valve dysfunction arrhythmias

Answer 4

> Caused by rheumatic fever - Which occurs after streptococcal pharyngitis - Sore throat, h/a, fever, n&v, joint pain - One or all layers (pancarditis) - valves - Aschoff bodies > Immunological response but pathogenesis unclear > Acute, chronic, or recurrent

Answer 5

> Acute phase = pancarditis - Pericardial friction rub, murmur - Mitral/aortic valve involvement - Arrhythmias > Diagnosis - Evidence of GAS infection - Elevated WBC, ESR, CRP - Echocardiogram, Ultrasound > Treatment Antibiotics, prevention of complications

Answer 6

``` Congenital Trauma Ischemic damage Degenerative changes Inflammation ```

Answer 7

``` Preventative APA (antiplatelet aggregator) Symptoms Percutaneous valvuloplasty Surgery ```

Answer 8

Auscultation Doppler Echo ultrasound

Answer 9

- If a valve is stenotic, you will hear a murmur of blood shooting through the narrow opening when the valve is open - If a valve is regurgitant, you will hear a murmur of blood leaking back through when the valve should be closed

Answer 10

``` Fibrous, stiff tissue, often causing chordae tendineae to shorten Incomplete opening obstructs blood flow Causes RF Congenital ```

Answer 11

Manifestations -Chest pain, weakness, fatigue, palpitations Complications - Arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, atrial tachycardias) - Mural thrombi

Answer 12

> Incomplete closing - Some blood returns to LA during systole > Causes - RDH - Chordae tendineae or papillary muscle rupture - LVH dilates orifice - Mitral valve prolapse

Answer 13

Manifestations - Slow process = compensation - Pulmonary congestion - Pansystolic murmur - LA Atrial and LV hypertrophy Complications - Atrial fib - thrombus

Answer 14

> Leaflets enlarge, become “floppy” Associated with: Marfan’s sydrome & Osteogensis imperfecta ``` Manifestations “snap” Asymptomatic Chest pain, dyspnea, etc. Complications MVR, a. fib thrombus ```

Answer 15

``` Narrowing causing resistance to ejection Slow progression = compensation Causes: Congenital or acquired Male, active inflammation ``` Manifestations Loud systolic ejection murmur or split S2 Chest pain, dyspnea, syncope, heart failure (LV hypertrophy)

Answer 16

Scarring of leaflet and/or enlarged orifice Blood flow back into LV during diastole Causes RHD, ideopathic aortic dilation, congenital, endocarditis, Marfan’s, HPTN, trauma

Answer 17

- Slow progression = compensation - LV enlarges but works harder Manifestations - Blowing sound over valve - Widening pulse pressure - Korotkoff sounds persist to zero! - Tachycardia, water-hammer pulse - “pounding” of heart when lying down - Eventually orthopnea, dyspnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Answer 18

> Causes Acute endocarditis Trauma Aortic dissection ``` > Manifestations Too quick for compensation! Extreme rise in LVEDP = pulmonary edema - Decreased coronary artery perfusion Dysrhythmias = lethal ```

Answer 19

Persistent delay > 3 months Normally closes @ 24-72hrs Delay if premature Manifestations Dependent on size High pressure from aorta = pulmonary hypertension

Answer 20

Non-closure of foramen ovale Often asymptomatic until teenage Manifestations Increased pulmonary pressures Atrial dilatation = dysrhythmias

Answer 21

Most common congenital heart defect (25-30% of all) Cause: Incomplete separation of ventricles during development invitro 1/3 close spontaneously Manifestations dependent on size Asymptomatic heart failure Tachypnea, tachycardia, pulmonary congestion, failure to thrive

Answer 22

``` Obstruction of blood flow from RV Causes Pulmonary valve lesions Pulmonary artery lesions Combination ``` 10% of all congenital cardiac disease Often associated with other patho

Answer 23

Most common cyanotic congenital heart defect (5-7% of all) ``` Pulmonic narrowing RV hypertrophy Ventricular septal defect Dextroposition of aorta Over-rides RV, attaches to septal defect ```

Answer 24

Manifestations Cyanosis with increased oxygen demands Crying, feeding, defecation Loss of consciousness possible Treatment Knee-chest position Surgery

Answer 25

``` RV empties into aorta LV empties into pulmonary arteries Risk Factors Mothers with diabetes Boys > girls Manifestations Cyanosis Survival if patent ductus arteriosus or septal defect ```

Answer 26

Associated with other congenital lesions ``` Manifestations BP lower in legs than in arms Asymptomatic Hypertension later in life LVH ```

Disorders of cardiac function Flashcards

(50 cards)