disorders of children/adolesscents Flashcards
(37 cards)
1
Q
assess development and functioning
A
- types of play
- social skills
- problem sloving skills
- energy level and motivation
- trauma , hospitalization, injuries affecting CNS
2
Q
ASSESS CONCERNING BEHAVIORS
A
- behaviors/changes occur across a variety of settings
- changes in sleep or appetite
- social withdrawal
- regression
- frequently appears upset, sad or tearful
- self destructive behavior
- repeated thoughts of death
3
Q
GENERAL COLLABORATION INTERVENTIONS
A
- play therapy
- family therapy
- school based interventions /educational plan
- family education
- medications
- structured mileu
4
Q
COMMON CHILDHOOD BEHAVIORS
A
Neurodevelopmental disorders
- attention deficit /hyperactivity disorder
- autism
Disruptive, impulse control and conduct disorders
- oppositional defiant disorder
- conduct disorder
Trauma and stressor related disorders
-PTSD
Early onset disorders
5
Q
ADHD OVERVIEW
A
- may have excessive motor activity as toddler
- most identified in elementary school
- more prevalent in boys
- co-morbidities common(tics, torets, anxiety,ODD,Depression)
- risk factors for difficulties in adulthood
6
Q
ADHD symptoms
A
characterized into 3 groups
- hyperactivity
- impulsive behavior
- lack of attention
-symptoms present before age 12
-symptoms last more than 6 months
interfere with functioning or development
7
Q
ADHD PATHO AND ETIOLOGY
A
- unclear
- neurotransmitter deficits
- delay in brain maturation
- genetic factors
- biologic factors
- environmental risk factors - lead exsposure, fetal infection
8
Q
ADHD NON PHRAM THERAPY
A
ENVIRNMENTAL MODIFICATION
- decreasing stimulation
- calm environment
- classroom adjustments
- structured daily routine
BEHAVIORAL THERAPY
- rewards for desired behaviors
- consequences for problem behaviors
- point system
- established cues
- involve parents and teachers
9
Q
ADHD PAHRM THERAPY
A
- mechanism of action on symptoms not well understood
STIMULANTS
- methylphenidate( ritlan)
- amphetamine- dextroamphetamine (Adderall)
- dexmethylphenidate (focalin)
- oral and patch formulations
side effects- headches, anorexia, insomnia
10
Q
ADHD PHARM NON STIMULANTS
A
atomoxetine- selective norepinephrine inhibitors buproprion - antidepressant clonidine- adrenergic agent -aggressiveness -impulsivity - hyperactivitey
11
Q
ADHD NURSING INTERVENTIONS
A
- administer medications
- minimize environmental distractions
- implement behavioral management plans
- provide education
- promote self esteem
- provide emotional support
12
Q
AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER OVERVIEW
A
- 1 in every 88 births in the USA
- 5 times more common among boys than girls
- equal prevalence across cultural groups
- typically recognized in 2nd year of life
- symptoms range from mild to severe
13
Q
AUTISM SYMPTOMS
A
IMPAIRMENT IN -communication - social interaction - adapting to new sitiuations attention span ability to organize responses to situations
REPETITIVE , RESTRICTIVE, STEREOTYPED BEHAVIORS
14
Q
AUTISM PATHO AND ETIOLOGY
A
- unknown
- genetic
- immunological
- environmental
15
Q
AUTISM NON PHARM THERAPY
A
- early intervention
- behavior management
- therapy- play, speech and language,PT and OT
Nutrition
- gluten free
- vitamins(A,C, B6,Omega 3)
- antacids
- detoxification
16
Q
AUTISM PHARM THERAPY
A
-no medication indicated for autism
- medications manage associated symptoms
stimulants
SSRIs
mood stabilizers
17
Q
AUTISM NURSING INTERVENTIONS
A
- prevent injury
- provide anticipatory guidance
- stabilize environmental stimuli
- provide supportive care
- enhance communication
- facilitate community based care
18
Q
OPPOSITIONAL DEFIENT DISORDER OVERVIEW
A
- disobedient, hostile, defient behavior
- estimated 1-6% of children and adolescence
- typically appears in late prechool/early school age
- 1/4 do not continue to meet diagnostic criteria over next several years
19
Q
OPPOSITIONAL DEFIENT DISORDER symptoms
A
- angry irritable mood
- argumentive/ defient behavior
- vindictiveness
- typically interfers with relationships and school performance
20
Q
ODD RISK FACTORS
A
- genetic
- biological
- psychological factors- cant process social ques
- social /environmental factors
21
Q
ODD TREATMENT
A
- parent management therapy
- family therapy
- cognitive problem solving skills training
- social skills programs
- medications foe coexisting conditions
22
Q
ODD NURSING INTERVENTIONS
A
behavior management
- consistent rules
- address unacceptable behavior
- reinforce positive behavior
- consequences for negative behavior
- reinforce positive behavior
23
Q
CONDUCT DISORDER OVERVIEW
A
- behaviors that violates rules and or rights of others
- often follows ODD but not always
- rare onset after 18 year
- symptoms often present before 10 years
24
Q
CONDUCT DISORDER SYMPTOMS
A
- aggression to people and animals
- destruction tpo property
- deceitfulness, lying or stealing
- serious rule violation
25
CONDUCT DISORDER RISK FACTORS
environmatal
boliogical
genetic
```
co morbidities
-mood disorders
-subatsnce abuse
anxiety
-PTSD
-ADHD
-learning disorders
```
26
CONDUCT DISORDER TREATMENT
-family therapy
-behavioral management
- specialized residential treatment
- medications for comorbidities and symptoms
- stimulants/clonidine
- mood stabilizers
-antidepressants
anti anxiety
27
EXSPOSURE TO TRUMA
variable symptoms
- anxiety
- depression
- dissociation
- anger
- withdrawl
- attachment difficulty
28
STAGED MODEL OF TREATMENT FOR TRAUMA
STAGE ONE
- provide safety and stabilization
- creating a safe and predictable environment
STAGE TWO
- reduce arousal
- find comfort from others
- overcome avoidance and work with memories
- help patient learn strategies
STAGE THREE
- developemtal skills
- problem solving
- goal development
29
POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
-direct experience or witnessing
-most common trauma exsposuress
physical abuse
sexual abuse
violence
kidnapping
terrorist attacks
accidents
natural diasters
30
PAOSTTRUAMATIC STRESS DISORDER SYMPTOMS
-intrusive memories of event
-recurrent frightening dreams
- dissociative reactions including flashbacks
- intense psychological distress when reminded
- play that includes elements or event
- behaviors not developmentally expected
- avoidance of reminders
negative alterations in cognition and mood
31
PTSD COLLABORATIVE INTERVENTIONS
- trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy
- psychological first aid
- relaxation techniques
- medications for symptoms
32
EARLY ONSET DISORDERS
- depression
- bipolar disorder
- anxiety disorder
- schizophrenia
33
EARLY ONSET DEPRESSION
TODDLERS
-can show regression behaviors
PRESCHOOLERS
- destructive play
- whne, show irritability, and lack of confidence
```
SCHOOL AGED
academic struggles
change in physical activity
somatic complaints
loss of friends
signs of boredom
low self esteem
```
```
ADOLESCENTS
talk of running away
academic struggles
lack of involvement in activities
poor self care
- difficulties with parents or teachers
focus on violence
```
34
SUICIDE RISK FACTORS
```
family history of SI
exsposure to family violence impulsivity
impulsivity
substance abuse
availability to lethal means
```
35
BIPOLARDISORDER
-overly silly mood or joyful mood
-sleeping little without feeling tired
-talking a lot
-extremely short temper
-unusual irritability
- engagement in high risk behaviors
may also have typical adult symptoms
36
ANXIETY
-generalized anxiety disorder symptoms same as adult
- intense worry over a long period of time
- separation axiety
-developmentally inappropriate
excessive anxiety about separation
recurrent distress when sepaerated
impairs functioning
onset prior to 18
37
EARLY ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA
- unusual behaviors
- shyness,hesitancy,withdrawl, cognitive dysfunction
- experience more hallucinations than delusions
- childish theme of hallucinations may be noted
increased likelihood of experiencing
developmental delay
hospitalization
more severe symptoms
functional problems
