Disorders of Growth and Cancer – Part 2 Flashcards Preview

General Pathological Mechanisms > Disorders of Growth and Cancer – Part 2 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Disorders of Growth and Cancer – Part 2 Deck (18)
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1
Q

What is neoplasia?

A
  • A neoplasm is an abnormal proliferation, detrimental to the host, and persists after the stimulus which caused it has ceased
  • Autonomous and means disproportionate to known stimuli and generally irreversible
  • Resembles normal tissues
2
Q
  • What is dysplasia?
A
  • Increasingly abnormal morphology of epithelial cancer with molecular abnormalities in common with invasive cancer
3
Q

What are the usual characteristics of benign neoplasms?

A
  • Grow slowly
  • Well circumscribed
  • Often have fibrous ‘capsule’
  • Don’t invade but compress adjacent tissue
  • Don’t spread
4
Q

What are the usual characteristics of malignant neoplasms?

A
  • May grow rapidly
  • Often poorly circumscribed
  • Usually no ‘capsule’
  • Often invade and damage adjacent tissues
  • Often metastasize
5
Q

What is a sarcoma?

A
  • Connective tissue malignancy
6
Q

What is a carcinoma?

A
  • Epithelial malignancy
7
Q

What is a lymphoma?

A
  • Lymphoid malignancy
8
Q

What is a melanoma?

A
  • Melanocytic malignancy
9
Q

What is a leukaemia?

A
  • Malignancy of blood cells
10
Q

What is an astrocytoma?

A
  • Malignancy of astrocytes
11
Q

What is a leiomyoma/leiomyosarcoma?

A
  • Muscle (benign/malignant)
12
Q

What is a fibroma/fibrosarcoma?

A
  • Fibrous tissue (benign/malignant)
13
Q

What is an osteoma/osteosarcoma?

A
  • Bone (benign/malignant)
14
Q

What is an angioma/angiosarcoma?

A
  • Vessels (benign/malignant)
15
Q

What is a chondroma/chondrosarcoma?

A
  • Cartilage (benign/malignant)
16
Q

Which tissues are most susceptible to metastasis?

A
  • Lung, bone, brain and liver
17
Q

Which tissues are not commonly susceptible to metastasis?

A
  • Heart, skeletal muscle and gut
18
Q

How are tumours staged?

A
  • TNM
  • Tumour (various)
  • Nodes (various)
  • Metastases (0/1)