Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CLIN MED 3 - HEENT > Disorders of the Ear - Waldron > Flashcards

Disorders of the Ear - Waldron Flashcards

(89 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the most common cause of hearing impairment in the elderly

A

cerumen impaction (ear wax)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is within the middle ear

A

incus, stapes and malleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the inner ear

A

the bone structure itself
semicircular canals
cochlea
oval window
nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the placement of the Weber test

A

top of the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the placement of the Rinne test

A

mastoid bone behind the ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is another name for swimmers ear

A

otitis externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the potential organisms with swimmers ear

A

Bacterial: p.aeroginosa, s. aureus, proetus, klebsiella, e.coli
Fungal: aspergillus niger, candida albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is another name for Ramsay-Hunt syndrome

A

Zoster oticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is Ramsay-Hunt syndrome

A

herpes zoster infection
presents with severe pain with facial paralysis
vesicular eruption (ear, face, or palate)
hearing loss/vertigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a otomycosis

A

fungal ear infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what type of otitis externas require ASAP EENT referrals

A

malignant otitis externa and granulation tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the treatment of otitis externa

A

clear ear canal (debris/pus can prevent medications from reaching infection)
acidify ear canal
keep water out of the ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is another major concern with Ramsy-Hunt

A

eyes - need eye care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the antibacterial ototopical medications

A

Cortisporin and Fluoroquinolones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the anti-inflammatory ototopical medication

A

abx combo with steroid to reduce inflammation
-VoSol HC
-Ciprodex
-Cipro HC
-Corticosporin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what antibacterial ototopical medication is not ototoxic

A

fluorqinolones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the antifungal ototopicals

A

clotrimazole and Nystatin (candida)
voraconizole (aspiergillus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a pope sponge

A

ear wick
keeps ear canal patent
keeps meds in contact with ear canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is auricular hematoma

A

a blunt/sheer trauma injury that causes a hematoma between the cartilage/perichondrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the treatment for auricular hematoma

A

I&D - recommended with EENT
compressive dressing
anti-staph antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are complications of auricular hematomas

A

infection/abscess
“cauliflower” ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the three important functions of the eustachian tube

A

equalizes pressure in middle ear
drains thin mucus produced in middle ear
prevents reflux of fluid into middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are dangerous foreign objects in the ear canal

A

beans and button batteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the treatment of ETD

A

treat underling nasal problems
nasal steroid sprays
for air travel: gum chewing, decongestant spray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the treatment of patulous eustachian tube (PET)
estrogen nasal drops (females) weight stabilization surgery?
26
what can cause TM performations
infection ETD penetrating trauma (q-tip) base of skull fracture barotrauma
27
what tests are used for TM perforations
Pneumotoscopy tuning fork examination audiogram
28
how do you treat a traumatic TM Perforations
most close with time keep water out of the ear otic abx drops? surgical evaluation if non-healing after 6 weeks
29
what are the different classification types of otitis media
types: serous and suppurative durations: acute and chronic Designations: with perforation and without perforations
30
what is OME
otitis media with effusion presence of fluid in the middle ear WITHOUT signs or symptoms of acute ear infection
31
What is RAOM
Recurrent acute otitis media multiple episodes of AOM symptom free periods
32
What is COME
Chronic otitis media with Effusion persistent fluid. in the middle ear no signs of inflammation (fever, otalgia)
33
What is AOM
acute otitis media infectious, inflammatory condition of the middle ear effusion behind intact tympanic memebrane
34
what are contributing factors for AOM
URI ETD
35
What are risk factors for AOM
Male large # of siblings Daycare
36
what groups are at high risk of AOM
Trisomy 21 (downs) immune deficiency Native American
37
Whaat are the causes of AOM
viral URI bacterial URI allergic rhinitis ETD
38
what are symptoms of AOM
ear pain hearing loss fever? drainage?
39
What is the treatment of acute serious otitis media
treat underlying illness (symptomatic/supportive) TIME surgical drainage if needed NOT A BACTERIAL INFECTION - ABX NOT NEEDED
40
what is the medical management of uncomplicated ASOM
amoxicillin (90mg/kg/day divided Q12h for 10d) if PCN allergy: Erythromycin or clindamycin with Bactrim cephalosporins fluoroquinolones (only adults)
41
when should ABX be changed for ASOM
if worsening of not improving after 48-72 hours
42
What is the management of ASOM with performation
oral abx aural abx (fluoroquinolones) water precautions f/u to assure closure
43
What are complications of otitis media
facial paralysis mastoiditis subperiosteal abscess meningitis brain abscess
44
What is the concern with unilateral Otitis Media
should raise suspicion of nasopharyngeal mass blocking ET orifice
45
What are the pediatric AOM abx treatments
amoxicillin add beta-lactamase coverage (augmentin) or Azithromycin (single dose)
46
what are the indications for tubes
recurrent AOM: > 3 separate episodes in 6 months OR > 4 episodes in 12 months *should have effusion at time of consult
47
What is the most common reason for tubes
chronic non-suppurative otitis media
48
What is the medical management of chronic otitis media
autoinsufflation; +/- steroids; recheck 6-8 weeks; consider allergy evaluation, NO abx unless other sites of bacterial infection
49
when do you refer for chronic otitis media
severe TM retraction failure to improve in 2-3 months persistent UNILATERAL effusion significant hearing loss - especially in children
50
What is cholesteatoma
keratoma or skin where it does not belong congenital or primary secondary or acquires SURGICAL disease
51
what is the presentation of Acute Mastoiditis
>80% have no hx of recurrent OM persistent otorrhea >3wks is most consistent sign of mastoid involvement persistent fever despite abx pain deep or behind the ear, worse at night hearing loss is common elevated WBC
52
What is the treatment of Acute mastoiditis
surgery - mastoidectomy
53
what is vertigo
abnormal sense of motion characterized by a spinning sensation
54
what are the types of vertigo
central (neurology/cardiology) peripheral (otolaryngology) systemic
55
what is Oscillopsia
jumping images
56
what areas are responsible for maintaining equilbrium
eyes labyrinth CNS
57
how is vertigo diagnosed/worked up
audiology: assess peripheral vestibular system imaging: assess CNS Blood tests: assess Systemic
58
What is the gold standard test for vertigo
MRI with Gadolinium contrast
59
what is the most important test with vertigo
audiogram
60
What is the most common cause of vertigo
BPPV (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo)
61
what is BPPV
benign paroxysmal positional vertigo a phantom sensation of motion of elicited by specific changes in head position caused by placing the affected ear downward associated with characteristic eye movements (nystagmus)
62
What is Meniere's syndrome
condition of excess pressure accumulation in inner ear
63
what are the four main features of menieres syndrome
atttacks of vertigo fluctuating hearing loss (usu. low frequency) tinnitus aural fullness (pressure sensation in the ears)
64
how do you diagnose/work up menieres syndrome
inner ear inflammation, infection or trauma (autoimmune, syphilis, allergy) Metabolic/endocrine (high cholesterol/triglycerides, thyroid disease, diabeses) idiopathic
65
What is vestibular neuritis / neuronitis labrynthitis
viral infection / inflammation of nerve / labyrinth think along the lines of Bell's palsy watch out for Ramsey Hunt Syndrome
66
What is Pathognomonic for BPPV
positive Dix Hallpike maneuver
67
what are the management steps for acute prostrating vertigo
pt presents to the ED 1. quick evaluation to r/o catastrophic event 2. establish IV - replaced fluids and electrolytes 3. stop vomiting and vertigo 4. re-evaluate
68
What is the treatment of vertigo
tx should be directed towards a specific cause if identified BPPV: Epleys
69
how do you treat menieres disease
low salt diet diuretics vasodilators avoidance of caffeine and alcohol intratympatic gentimycin surgery for worse cases
70
What causes conductive hearing loss
something that stops sound from getting through to the outer or middle ear blockage of ear canal, perforated drum, problems with ossicles, or fluid in middle ear most cases can be improved
71
What are the causes of sensorineural (SNHL)
most common type: loss due to pathology (damage) of cochlea, auditory nerve or CNS common causes: exposure to loud noises, genetic factors or natural aging process
72
What is acoustic neuroma
unilateral SNHL dizzy but not vertigo "Great Masquerader" RARE aka Vestibular schwannoma
73
What is the treatment of Acoustic Neuroma / Vestibular schwannoma
observation: if small and dose not cause symptoms surgical removal radiation: stop tumor from growing
74
What is the cause of sudden sensorinuural hearing loss
Acustic neuroma / vestibular schwannoma
75
What test assesses the tympanic membrane mobility
tympanometry testing
76
what is air conduction testing
pure tone testing uses headphones in which tones are sounded off in each of the ears
77
What is bone conduction testing
direct stimulation of inner ear, bypassing outer and middle ear microphone is placed behind the ear and sound enters the skull through the mastoid bone
78
What is the difference between air and bone conduction with SNHL
minimal to no difference between air and bone
79
What is congenital hearing loss
can appear at birth or progress later in life - need to monitor speech development in infancts/toddlers usually SNHL
80
What is otosclerosis
gradual stiffening of the ossicles, causing progressive conductive hearing loss can be unilateral or bilateral more common in Females in the family
81
what is Presbycusis
age related hearing loss - usually bilateral usually greater for high pitched sounds
82
what is the management/treatment of presbycusis
devices/mechanical aids: vibrating alarms, flashing phones/doorbells, TV listening systems, personal amplifiers hearing aids
83
what is the management of conductive hearing loss
medical treatment hearing aids or hearing implants: bone conduction devices surgery
84
What is the management of SNHL
conventional hearing aids or an implantable hearing device, i.e. cochlear implant
85
what is the workup for pediatric hearing loss
medical/family/birth history physical exam - otoscopy neonatal screen results behavioral audiogram tympanogram, OAE exam, ABR results labs? audiometric testing, serial audio testing adjunctive input
86
What are the adjunctive input for pediatric hearing loss
ophthalmology, genetics, developmental pediatrics
87
What is tinnitus
the perception of noise in the absence of acoustic stimulus outside of the body symptom NOT a disease
88
what is the most common identified cause of tinitus
SNHL
89
What is the treatment of tinnitus
avoid dietary stimulants (cola, coffee, tea) smoking cessation avoid medications: ASA, NSAIDS, many others reassurance feedback training White noise and other maskers

CLIN MED 3 - HEENT (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions