Disorders of Water Balance: Physiology Mnemonics Flashcards
(22 cards)
What does the ‘HAPPY ADH’ mnemonic represent?
Hypothalamus, Arginine at position 8, Preprohormone → Prohormone, Yields ADH + Neurophysin II + Copeptin, Axon transport to posterior pituitary, Degraded in 10-25 min, Half-life depends on liver/kidney
This mnemonic helps remember the synthesis pathway of ADH.
What triggers the release of ADH according to the ‘THIRSTY’ mnemonic?
Trauma/stress, Hypoxia/hypercapnia, Increased osmolality (>295), Reduced BP/volume, Surgery/pain, Tumor (SIADH), Yawning (nausea-induced)
Nonosmotic triggers are underlined.
What is the location and function of AQP-1?
Proximal tubule, Descending LoH; always open
AQP-1 is considered the ‘1st floor door’ in the mnemonic.
What is the location and function of AQP-2?
Collecting duct (apical); ADH-dependent
AQP-2 requires a ‘2nd key’ to open, representing its dependence on ADH.
What does the ‘LOOP & LOCK’ mnemonic describe?
Loop of Henle, Osmotic gradient, Obligatory urea recycling, Principal cells + AQP-2, Low ADH → dilute urine, Open water channels when ADH binds, Collecting duct responsiveness, Kidney adjusts output (50-1200 mOsm)
This mnemonic summarizes urine concentration mechanisms.
What does a positive free water clearance indicate?
Polyuria, Osmotic diuresis, SIADH treatment
Positive clearance indicates increased urine water.
What does a negative free water clearance indicate?
Nephrogenic DI, Euvolemic hyponatremia, GFR decline
Negative clearance indicates decreased urine water.
What are the clinical uses of Copeptin summarized in the ‘COPED’ mnemonic?
Confirm DI vs SIADH, Omit ADH testing (unstable), Predict ADPKD progression, Evaluate hyponatremia, Detect stress response
Copeptin is a useful marker in various clinical scenarios.
What actions are associated with the V1 receptor?
Vasoconstriction (smooth muscle)
V1 receptors are primarily involved in blood vessel constriction.
What actions are associated with the V2 receptor?
Water reabsorption (kidney) → cAMP → AQP2
V2 receptors are crucial for regulating water balance in the kidneys.
What elements are included in the ‘SALT LOSS’ mnemonic for hyponatremia workup?
Serum osmolality, ADH level (use copeptin), Labs (Urine Na⁺/osmolality), Thirst history, Look for SIADH, Osmotic vs hypovolemic, Status of volume, Spot urine electrolytes
This mnemonic aids in systematically evaluating hyponatremia.
What does the ‘HAPPY ADH’ mnemonic represent?
Hypothalamus, Arginine at position 8, Preprohormone → Prohormone, Yields ADH + Neurophysin II + Copeptin, Axon transport to posterior pituitary, Degraded in 10-25 min, Half-life depends on liver/kidney
This mnemonic helps remember the synthesis pathway of ADH.
What triggers the release of ADH according to the ‘THIRSTY’ mnemonic?
Trauma/stress, Hypoxia/hypercapnia, Increased osmolality (>295), Reduced BP/volume, Surgery/pain, Tumor (SIADH), Yawning (nausea-induced)
Nonosmotic triggers are underlined.
What is the location and function of AQP-1?
Proximal tubule, Descending LoH; always open
AQP-1 is considered the ‘1st floor door’ in the mnemonic.
What is the location and function of AQP-2?
Collecting duct (apical); ADH-dependent
AQP-2 requires a ‘2nd key’ to open, representing its dependence on ADH.
What does the ‘LOOP & LOCK’ mnemonic describe?
Loop of Henle, Osmotic gradient, Obligatory urea recycling, Principal cells + AQP-2, Low ADH → dilute urine, Open water channels when ADH binds, Collecting duct responsiveness, Kidney adjusts output (50-1200 mOsm)
This mnemonic summarizes urine concentration mechanisms.
What does a positive free water clearance indicate?
Polyuria, Osmotic diuresis, SIADH treatment
Positive clearance indicates increased urine water.
What does a negative free water clearance indicate?
Nephrogenic DI, Euvolemic hyponatremia, GFR decline
Negative clearance indicates decreased urine water.
What are the clinical uses of Copeptin summarized in the ‘COPED’ mnemonic?
Confirm DI vs SIADH, Omit ADH testing (unstable), Predict ADPKD progression, Evaluate hyponatremia, Detect stress response
Copeptin is a useful marker in various clinical scenarios.
What actions are associated with the V1 receptor?
Vasoconstriction (smooth muscle)
V1 receptors are primarily involved in blood vessel constriction.
What actions are associated with the V2 receptor?
Water reabsorption (kidney) → cAMP → AQP2
V2 receptors are crucial for regulating water balance in the kidneys.
What elements are included in the ‘SALT LOSS’ mnemonic for hyponatremia workup?
Serum osmolality, ADH level (use copeptin), Labs (Urine Na⁺/osmolality), Thirst history, Look for SIADH, Osmotic vs hypovolemic, Status of volume, Spot urine electrolytes
This mnemonic aids in systematically evaluating hyponatremia.
