Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cardio 2 > Dissection, Aneurysm > Flashcards

Dissection, Aneurysm Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Aortic arch what are 3 division, what does it connect

A

Brachiocephalic.
Left common carotid
Left Subclavian

Ascending to the descending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

An aneurysm is a aortic diameter greater than __ cm

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Loss of elasticity in tissue is accelerated in patients who have a history of ___ , _____ and ______

A

Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and coronary artery disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is true aneurysm

A

Dilation of all 3 layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 2 types of aneurysm morphology

A

Fusiform, involved in entire aortic wall
Saccular, only a portion of the aortic wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is dissecting aneurysm

A

Tear in the intimal layer which forms a second lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pseudoaneurysm (false aneurysm) is caused from what?

A

Caused by trauma

Intima and medial layers are disrupted but blood is contained by the adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Thoracic aortic aneurysm is above ____ and involves what structure

A

Diaphragm

Aortic arch
Ascending aneurysm
Descending aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is ____ diaphragm and involves

A

Suprarenal
Infrarenal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thoracic aortic aneurysms mc location (ascending, descending or aortic arch)

A

Ascending aortic aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Risk factors for thoracic aortic aneurysm (top 3) and then other

A

Hypertension
Smoking
Hyperlipidemia

Male gender
Family history of dissection or thoracic aortic aneurysm
Connective tissue disorders. Marfan syndrome, ehlers Danlos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What syndrome predispose pt to thoracic aortic aneurysm ?

A

Genetic connective tissue disorder, such as Marfan syndrome, ehlers danlos

Also family history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Thoracic aortic aneurysm clinical features

A

Many pt are asymptomatic, mc symptom is pain, chest or back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Initial test if u suspect thoracic aortic aneurysm ( evaluate chest pain)

A

Chest x ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What will chest X-ray show for thoracic aortic aneurysm?

A

Widening of mediastinum, large aortic knob

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Definitive test for thoracic aortic aneurysm

A

CTA, PREFERRED TEST TO CONFIRM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Most severe complication of TAA

A

rupture or a dissection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Risk for TAA RUPTURE

A

Rate, more than .5 cm growth a year
HTN
underlying cause, etiology
Size of aneurysm greater than 5 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Features of a thoracic aortic aneurysm rupture

A

Severe chest pain, with radiation to back
Hypotension
Shock, cool, clammy skin,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Thoracic aortic rupture, dissection initial evaluation if pt is hemodynamically stable

A

CTA. with contrast of chest and abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Thoracic aortic dissection management if pt is hemodynaically unstable?

A

Head straight to the OR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Consult _____ immediate is thoracic aortic aneurysm dissection, or rupture is suspected

A

Surgical cardio thoracic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Management of TAA in asymptomatic patient

A

If aneurysm too small for surgery
Would observe and routine imaging from 3-6 months, and reduce cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, and blood pressure management
Lipid statin
Avoid heavy lifting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When is surgery indicated for asymptomatic patient

A

If aortic arch/ diameter is greater than 5.5 cm
If rapid expansion >5 mm a year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Surgical indication for TAA
in ALL SYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS
26
What surgery done for aortic arch or ascending aorta for thoracic aortic aneurysm
Open surgical repair
27
Descending aorta what surgery could be done
Both tevar or osr can be performed
28
Biggest modifiable risk for abdominal aortic aneurysm ? Most common cause for aaa?
Smoking Atherosclerosis
29
90% of abdominal aortic aneurysm are ____ in location
Infrarenal
30
Other risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm
Hypertension Smoking Hypercholesterolemia Male Atherosclerosis, most common cause of AAA
31
Asymptomatic AAA found how
On exam as a palpable pulsatile mass or seen in imaging
32
Symptomatic but not yet Ruptured signs of AAA
Pt may feel abdominal, or lower back pain Bruit
33
Sudden onset of ruptured AAA causes what features
Severe sudden onset of flank, abdomen pain Hypotension Painful abdominal pulsatile mass Can also have Nausea Evidence of bleeding, grey turner sign ( flank echymosis) Can have bleeding, Cullen sign (echymosis umbilical) Bryant sign [scrotum echymosis]<
34
Asymptomatic pt imaging for abdominal aneurysm ? What would meet criteria for AAA?
Use and ultrasound, based upon risk, and abdominal mass palpated at umbilical region Dilation greater than 3 cm in the Infrarenal segment
35
If pt is symptomatic, hemodynamically unstable and rupture is not known , but suspected what should u do
Fast exam to confirm at bedside
36
If pt is symptomatic, hemodynamically unstable and rupture is already known what to do
Imag8ng desirable but not needed, go to surgery
37
If pt is symptomatic, hemodynamically stable and rupture is suspected, what to do
CTA OF ABDOMEN
38
Any pt that is symptomatic with abdominal aortic aneurysm what is treatment
EVAR (surgery always if symptomatic ) Endovascular aneurysm repair
39
Asymptomatic pt with abdominal aortic aneurysm treatment
Smoking cessation Beta blockers Screening, watchful waiting
40
Asymptomatic pt with abdominal aortic aneurysm when to do imaging if 3.0-3.9 , 4.0-4.9
Imaging at 3 year interval Imaging at 12 month interval
41
Aortic dissection is what?
Tear of the intima, which results in separating these layers and forms a false lumen
42
Most common location for aortic dissection and why?
Ascending aorta, the R LATERAL WALL DUE TO HIGH PRESSURE
43
Most common cause for aortic dissection acquired ?
Hypertension
44
What are other causes for aortic dissection
Congenital, connective tissue disorder Pregnancy, syphilis, atherosclerosis Hypertension is most common cause of
45
Who is more at risk for an aortic dissection, men or women
Men
46
Type A aortic dissection involves (Stanford)
Ascending aorta and may progress to involve the thoracoabdominal area
47
Type B aortic dissection (Stanford)
Involves the descending thoracic or thoracoabdominal aorta distal to left subclavian no ascending involvement
48
49
50
Clinical feautures of aortic dissection
Severe pain in chest or back that feels like tearing or ripping, Pain typically migrates as dissection progresses
51
What is ominous sign in a dissection
Hypotension due to blood loss
52
What other clinical feautures besides pain may come with an aortic dissection
May have hypertension due to the pain Sncyope, confusion, DIAPHORESIS Unequal systolic blood pressure greater than 20 mmhg when comparing the arms Pulse may be weakened Hypotension, bad sign
53
Ascending aortic involvement In dissection clinical feautures
Pain may be more anterior chest, and hypotension may occur
54
Descending aortic dissection involvement clinical features
Pain local to upper back and may radiate to abdomen
55
Approach to dissection
Assess risk of dissection used ADD RS Rescucitate if neede EKG Chest X-ray , wide mediastinum, or unexplained effusion
56
What lab studies ordered for dissection
D dimer, if low risk (ADD 0-1) rules out aortic dissection
57
Imaging for dissection, for stable and unstable
CTA, only if hemodynamically stable Transesophagela echocardiogram, if pt is unstable
58
All aortic dissection involving ascending aorta (type A Stanford) are ______
Cardiac emergency’s
59
Goal for dissection
Control pain, and stop progression of the dissection
60
Medical therapy for a dissection
Pain, with opioid Catheter, Monitor, and control hr and Bp, want heart rate less than 60 and systolic Bp less than 100-120

Cardio 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions