Dissection: Lower Limb

Question 1

what area is the leg?

Answer 1

between the knee and foot

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

palpable landmarks

Answer 3

Question 4

Answer 4

posterior thigh: all arise on the pelvis and enter on the femur/leg

Question 5

anatomical position of the pelvis

Answer 5

pelvis is like mickey mouse ears looking at you

Question 6

gluteal muscle ligaments

Answer 6

these are anti-gravity muscles

gluteal muscles are attached to these ligaments (which act as anchors)

Question 7

deep fascia and fascia lata

Answer 7

the lower limb is wrapped in deep fascia

iliotibial tract - connects ilium to tibia

Question 8

superficial gluteal muscles and their function

Answer 8

(ignore deep muscles)

Question 9

gluteus maximis: origin, insertation, innervation, function

Answer 9

main job: attached to iliotibial tract to act on the leg

Question 10

gluteus maximus attachment characteristics

Answer 10

Question 11

iliotibial track: function, innervation

Answer 11

like if you touch your toes and then need to get back up –> this is the gluteus maximus

Question 12

gluteus medius & minimus: origin, insertion, function, innervation

Answer 12

these attach to the ilium and land on the top of the femur (greater trochanter)

these are anti-gravity muscles

**tensor fascia lata is innervated by the same nerve

Question 13

just a visualization

Question 14

map showing gluteal muscles function

Answer 14

Question 15

overall gluteal muscle function

Answer 15

rotating trunk on balls of feet (like twisting)

weak lateral rotators irrelevant

Question 16

3 bursa present in gluteal region; friction bursitis

Answer 16

friction bursitis - from reptitive motion

bursa keeps area lubricated

Question 17

piriformis: landmark!

Answer 17

this is a landmark; fxn doesn’t matter

Question 18

major arteries to the gluteal region

Answer 18

Above the piriformis are major arteries: superior gluteal artery (supplies gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, tensor fascia lata)

below the piriformis: inferior gluteal artery (supplies gluteus maximus, hip joint)

Question 19

major nerves to the gluteal region

Answer 19

superior gluteal nerve: medius, minimus, tensor fascia lata

inferior gluteal nerve: gluteus maximus

sciatic nerve is biggest nerve in body (below the piriformis and becomes tibial and common fibular nerve)

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve: in the skin of the posterior thigh

Question 20

just a pic of gluteal nerves

Question 21

injuryies to the superior gluteal nerve

Answer 21

gluteus medius and minimus help to keep the pelvis level

Question 22

injuries to the sciatic nerve

Answer 22

Question 23

anesthetic block of the sciatic nerve

Answer 23

Question 24

posterior thigh muscles: insertion, origin, innervation, function

Answer 24

these attach the hip to the leg

Question 25

hamstring strain

Answer 25

semitendinosus goes all the way from the front of the knee biceps femoris is the lateral hamstring

Question 26

actions & attachments of hamstrings

Answer 26

tendons are long and muscle bellies are short, so there isn't enough contraction length to do both at the same time

Question 27

arteries to the posterior thigh

Answer 27

main artery is on the anterior side & there are branches to the posterior side if there was occlusion of the femoral artery, there is still collateral blood supply that can get to the lower limb

Question 28

topology of the deep femoral artery

Answer 28

the branches punch thru the adductor magnus muscle

Question 29

anastomoses btwn internal and external iliac arteries (this is a repeat slide)

Answer 29

Question 30

sciatic nerve: made up of what?

Answer 30

the sciatic nerve is two nerves wrapped in the same area

Question 31

cutaneous nerves of the gluteal and posterior thigh

Answer 31

Question 32

sacral plexus nerves (only look at msucle we've mentioned) aka top part

Answer 32

Question 33

surface anatomy of anterior thigh

Answer 33

Question 34

surface anatomy of the two saphenous cutaneous veins

Answer 34

great saphenous vein - drains medial leg to the saphenous opening (a hole in the deep fascia lata) popliteal vein is at the back of the knee

Question 35

anterior deep fascia of the thigh

Answer 35

Question 36

two important muscles in anterior thigh

Answer 36

quads arise on femur and act thru patella on leg

Question 37

iliopsoas: attachments, function, innervation

Answer 37

psoas goes to the 12th rib psoas and iliacus form a common tendon and insert on the lesser trochanter

Question 38

shortening fibers (contraction) causing advancement of limb in normal walking on level ground

Question 39

quadriceps femoris: attachments, function

Answer 39

\*\*\*rectus crosses two joints

Question 40

quadriceps femoris function

Answer 40

striaghtens leg (Extension of the leg at the knee)

Question 41

pectineus and sartorius (pectineus doesn't really matter; sartorius is a good landmark)

Answer 41

Question 42

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

Answer 42

serves the quad muscles saphenous nerve goes alongside the great saphenous vein

Question 43

femoral cutaneous branches

Answer 43

Question 44

femoral artery branches

Answer 44

Question 45

blood supply to the head of the femur and the hip joint

Answer 45

deep femoral artery forms the circumflexes which go around the head of the femur

Question 46

bursa at the insertion of quadriceps femoris

Answer 46

bursa keep this area lubricated

Question 47

quadriceps tendon bursitis

Answer 47

usually in suprapatellar pouch if you're doing repetitive motions, the bursa help prevent friction injuries

Question 48

psoas abscess: clinical symptoms

Answer 48

Question 49

clinical s/s related to anterior thigh musculature

Answer 49

abnormal ossification of the patella: can cause shortened limbs

Question 50

femoral triangle (fictious spance): boundaries and contents

Answer 50

Question 51

femoral triangle: roof of the anterior wall

Answer 51

this is a potential space where herniation can occur; saphenous isn't a true opening

Question 52

femoral sheath is a "pouch" that contains:

Answer 52

the nerve does not lie in the sheath

Question 53

maybe ignore?

Question 54

inguinal ligament is on the lower edge of the aponeurosis of the external oblique

Question 55

Question 56

clinical consideration of the femoral triangle

Answer 56

Question 57

femoral hernia

Answer 57

Question 58

medial thigh anatomy

Answer 58

Question 59

attachments of thigh adductors & innervation

Answer 59

used for riding horses; birnging this to the midline \*\*focus on the main three muscles

Question 60

adductor longus: origin, insertion, function, innervation

Answer 60

Question 61

adductor brevis: origin, insertion, function, innervation

Answer 61

this moves from the front of hip joint to back behind the femur

Question 62

adductor magnus (adductor portion): origin, insertion, function, innervation

Answer 62

Question 63

adductor magnus (hamstring portion: origin, insertion, function, innervation

Answer 63

Question 64

pic of the major medial thigh muscle attachments (all attachments are on the psoterior surface of the femoral shaft - even though they arise on the anterior aspect of pubis)

Question 65

gracilis & obturator externus (not as important)

Answer 65

Question 66

obturator artery

Answer 66

Question 67

arteries

Answer 67

Question 68

obturator nerve: what does it innervate? branches?

Answer 68

Question 69

function of medial thigh muscles

Answer 69

used for keeping legs straight when walking

Question 70

"pulled groin" cause, muscles involved

Answer 70

Question 71

'pes anserinus' bursitis

Answer 71

proprioception in these muscles let you know where your hip is in relation to the foot

Question 72

common clinical anatomy problems affecting the gluteal and thigh regions

Answer 72