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Dissection Notecards Flashcards

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1
Q

The external jugular vein is formed by the joining of the

A

Posterior division of the retromandibular vein and the posterior auricular vein

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2
Q

What vein passes deep to the SCM muscle to join the external jugular vein in the root of the neck

A

Anterior jugular vein

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3
Q

Boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

Anterior- posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Posterior- anterior brother of the trapezius
Inferior- middle 1/3 of the clavicle
Superior roof- deep cervical fascia
Deep- muscles of the neck

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4
Q

The platysma muscle is innervated by

A

The cervical branch of the facial nerve

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5
Q

The external jugular vein drains into the

A

Subclavian vein

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6
Q

Nerves of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

Great auricular nerve- skin to the lower part of the ear to the angle of the mandible to the mastoid process
Lesser occipital nerve- scalp immediately behind the ear
Transverse cervical nerve- skin of anterior triangle of neck
Supraclavicular nerve- pass inferiorly to innervate the skin of the shoulder

Accessory nerve- innervates the SCM and the trapezius. Branches of spinal nerves C3-C4 join the accessory nerve in the posterior cervical triangle and these branches provide proprioceptive sensory innervation

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7
Q

Diaphragmatic pain referred to the shoulder

A

The supraclavicular nerves and the phrenic nerve (supplying the diaphragm) share a common origin from spinal cord segments C3 and C4. Irritation of the diaphragmatic parental pleura or parietal peritoneum covering the diaphragm (from an enlarged gall bladder) produces pain that is carried by the phrenic nerve and referred to the area supplied by the supraclavicular nerves (shoulder)

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8
Q

What is contained within the carotid sheath

A

Common carotid artery (internal carotid at more superior levels), internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve

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9
Q

The anterior triangle is subdivided by what muscles

A

Dig Astrid and omohyoid muscles

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10
Q

Contents of the muscular triangle

Boundaries

A

Infrahyoid muscle, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands

Superior belly of the omohyoid
Anterior border of the SCM
Median plane of the neck

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11
Q

Sternohyoid muscle function

A

Depresses the hyoid bone

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12
Q

Omohyoid bellies attachments and function

A

Superior belly is attached to the hyoid bone and the inferior belly is attached to the superior border of the scapula near the suprascapular notch

Depresses the hyoid bone

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13
Q

Sternothyroid muscle- superior attachment and function

A

Oblique line of the thyroid cartilage

Depresses the larynx

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14
Q

Thyrohyoid muscle inferior attachment and function

A

Oblique line of the thyroid cartilage

Elevates the larynx

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15
Q

The ansa cervicalis innervates 3 out of the 4 infrahyoid muscles

A

Sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid.

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16
Q

Contents of the submandibular triangle and borders

A

Submandibular gland, facial artery, facial vein, stylohyoid muscle, part of the hypoglossal nerve and lymph nodes

Digastric muscle bellies- anterior and posterior
Inferior border of the mandible
Deep/floor- mylohyoid muscle and hypoglossus muscle

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17
Q

A portion of the submandibular gland extends deep to the posterior surface of what

A

The mylohyoid muscle

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18
Q

Artery and vein associated with the submandibular gland

A

The facial vein passes superficial the the gland and the facial artery courses deep to the gland

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19
Q

Digastric muscle- attachment, innervation, and function

A

The anterior belly is innervated by the mylohyoid nerve, a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.
The posterior belly is innervated by the facial nerve and attaches to the mastoid process
The two bellies attach to each other by the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle. The tendon is attached to the body and the greater horn of the hyoid bone by a fibrous sling.

Elevates the hyoid bone and depresses the mandible

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20
Q

What straddles the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle

A

The stylohyoid muscle tendon- attaches to the body of the hyoid by doing so

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21
Q

The stylohyoid muscle is innervated by and function

A

Facial nerve

Elevates the hyoid bone

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22
Q

Submental triangle boundaries

A

Unpaired triangle that crosses the midline- only has lymph nodes in it

Anterior bellies of the left and right digastric muscles
Inferior hyoid bone
Floor- mylohyoid muscle

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23
Q

The mylohyoid muscle attachment

A

Mylohyoid line of the mandible and hyoid bone and the mylohyoid raphe

Supports the floor of the oral cavity

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24
Q

Contents of the carotid triangle

Boundaries

A

Common, internal and external carotid arteries, part of the hypoglossal nerve, and branches of the vagus nerve

Superior belly of the omohyoid, anterior border of the SCM, posterior belly of the digastric muscle

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25
The hypoglossal nerve carries axons of
Spinal nerve C1 that branch off as the nerve to the thyrohyoid muscle
26
The superior root of the ansa cervicalis travels with
The hypoglossal nerve. Composed mainly of C1 fibers The inferior root of the ansa cervicalis (C2, C3) passes around the carotid sheath to join the superior root to form a loop
27
What nerve passes through the thyrohyoid membrane
Internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve- supplies sensory fibers to the mucosa of the larynx
28
The internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve joins
The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve to form the superior laryngeal nerve The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve supplies the cricothyroid muscle and part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
29
The carotid sheath contains
The common carotid, the internal carotid, the internal jugular vein, and the vagus nerve
30
Largest tributaries of the internal jugular vein
Lateral to the common carotid artery in the carotid sheath Common facial, superior thyroid, and middle thyroid vein
31
Origin of the external carotid artery
Superior border of the thyroid cartilage | Passes on the medial side of and deep to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle
32
6 branches of the external carotid in the carotid triangle
Superior thyroid artery- level of the superior horn of the thyroid cartilage. Descends to the superior lobe of the thyroid gland. Branches to the superior laryngeal artery, which pierces the thyrohyoid membrane with the superior laryngeal nerve. Lingual artery- leave of the greater horn of the hyoid bone, passes deeply to the muscles of the tongue Facial artery- immediately superior to the lingual artery. Has branches of occipital, posterior auricular, and ascending pharyngeal arteries.
33
At the bifurcation of the common carotid artery is the
Carotid sinus, a dilation of the origin of the internal carotid. The wall of the carotid sinus contains pressoreceptors that monitor blood pressure. Innervated by glossopharyngeal and the vagus nerve
34
The carotid body
Small mass of tissue located on the medial aspect of the carotid bifurcation. Monitors changes in oxygen and CO2 concentration in the blood. Innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve and the vagus
35
What vertebral levels are the thyroid gland located
C5-T1
36
The right and left inferior thyroid veins drain into
The right and left brachiocephalic veins
37
The thyroidea ima artery
Enter the thyroid gland from inferiorly, near the midline | Rare, clinically significant variant
38
What nerve passes immediately posterior to the lobe of the thyroid gland in the groove between the trachea and esophagus
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
39
Thyroid tumor or thyroidectomy in the clinic
The recurrent laryngeal nerve can be injured and paralysis of the laryngeal muscles will occur on the affected side. The result is hoarseness of the voice. Parathyroid glands may be damaged or removed- at least one must be retained during a surgery
40
The subclavian vein lies and is joined by
Lies anterior to the anterior scalene muscle | Joined medially by the internal jugular to form the brachiocephalic vein
41
The thoracic ducts drain into the
Subclavian and internal jugular veins
42
The right subclavian artery is a branch of The left subclavian artery is a branch of The subclavian lie between
Brachiocephalic trunk Aortic arch The anterior and middle scalene muscles with the supraclavicular parts of the brachial plexus
43
3 parts of the subclavian artery
1- from its origin to the medial border of the anterior scalene muscle 2- posterior to the anterior scalene muscle 3- between the lateral border of the anterior scalene and lateral border of the first rib
44
The branches of the first part of the subclavian artery
Internal thoracic artery- passes inferiorly to supply the anterior thoracic wall Thyrocervical trunk- anteriosuperior surface. Has 3 branches. Vertebral artery- superiorly between the anterior scalene and longus colli muscle. Superiorly into the transverse foramen of vertebra C6
45
3 branches of the thyrocervical trunk
Transverse cervical artery- supplies trapezius Suprascapular artery- to the suprascapular notch, superior to the transverse scapular ligament and supplies the spinatus muscles Inferior thyroid artery- medially towards the thyroid gland. Gives off the ascending cervical artery.
46
The second parent of the subclavian artery branch
Costocervical trunk- divides into the deep cervical artery and the supreme intercostal artery, which give rise to posterior intercostal arteries 1 and 2.
47
The third part of the subclavian artery branch
Dorsal scapular artery- between the superior and middle trunks of the supraclavicular part of the brachial plexus to supply scapular region Can also arise from the thyrocervical trunk
48
The recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of what nerve
The vagus
49
What nerve passes vertically down the anterior surface of the anterior scalene muscle posterior to the transverse cervical and suprascapular arteries
Phrenic nerve
50
The anterior and middle scalene muscles attach to | Clinically Relevant triangle
The first rib. These 3 make up the interscalene triangle The subclavian artery and roots of the brachial plexus pass between the anterior and middle scalene muscles through this triangle. When there are additional muscular slips, an accessory cervical rib, or exostosis on the first rib, the triangle can be narrowed, causing the subclavian artery and/or roots of the brachial plexus to be compressed, resulting in ischemia or nerve dysfunction in upper limb
51
The lingula is the attachment for the
Sphenomandibular ligament
52
Mandibular foramen houses
The inferior alveolar nerve, artery and vein
53
Boundaries of the infratemporal fossa
Zygomatic arch and infratemporal crest of the sphenoid bone Ramus of the mandible laterally The infratemporal surface of the maxilla anteriorly Lateral plate of the ptyergoid process medially Great wing of the sphenoid - roof
54
The masseter muscle
Inferior border of the zygomatic arch and the lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible Elevates the mandible to close the jaw and protrudes it. Innervated by the masseter is branch of the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
55
The inferior attachment of the temporalis muscle | Fibers of the temporalis
Coronoid process of the mandible Anterior portion- vertical fibers that elevate the mandible Posterior portion- horizontal fibers that allow retrusion of the mandible
56
Deep temporal nerves
Branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal
57
2 heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle
Anterior attachment of the superior head- infratemporal surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid Anterior attachment of the inferior head- lateral plate of the pterygoid process Posterior attachment are the temporomandibular joint and neck of mandible Depresses and protrudes the mandible (opens jaw)
58
Inferior to the lateral pterygoid muscle vascular bundle | Run
Inferior alveolar nerve, artery, and vein | Run through the mandibular foramen and pass distally into the mandibular canal
59
What nerve arises from the inferior alveolar nerve
The mylohyoid nerve- just before it enters the mandibular foramen and runs in the mylohyoid groove Mental nerve- through mental foramen to innervate the chin and lower lip
60
The inferior alveolar nerve provides
Sensory info to the mandibular teeth
61
Nerve located anteriorly to the inferior alveolar nerve
Lingual nerve- passes medial to the third mandibular molar and innervates the mucosa of the anterior two thirds of the tongue and floor of oral cavity
62
The lingual and inferior alveolar nerve pass between
The inferior border of the lateral pterygoid muscle and the medial pterygoid muscle- used as guides to separate the two muscles
63
Medial pterygoid muscle
Proximal attach to the maxilla and the medial surface of the lateral plate of the pterygoid process Distal attach to the inner surface of the ramus of the mandible Elevates and protrudes the jaw (closes it)
64
The external carotid artery bifurcates into what two arteries in the infratemporal fossa
Maxillary and superficial temporal arteries
65
Branches of the maxillary artery
Middle meningeal artery- passes superiorly through a split in the auriculotemporal nerve through the foramen spinosum Deep temporal arteries- deep surface of temporalis muscle Masseteric artery- mandibular notch to deep masseter muscle Inferior alveolar artery- mandibular foramen Buccal artery- supply cheek
66
The maxillary artery courses toward- | Before disappearing it divides into four branches
Pterygomaxillary fissure Posterior superior alveolar artery (enters the infratemporal surface of the maxilla- pterygopalantine fissure), infraorbital artery, descending palatine artery, sphenopalatine artery

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