Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Revolution and Dictatorship: Russia 1917-1953 > Dissent and revolution,1917 > Flashcards

Dissent and revolution,1917 Flashcards

1
Q

What were some of the events that led to the 1905 revolution ?

A

Bloody Sunday and the Russo-Japanese War

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What was Bloody Sunday ?

A

a peaceful demonstration of workers was attacked by Cossacks, in order to assert the Tsar’s authority. This led to mass protests and riots.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happened in the Russo-Japanese War ?

A
  • the war with Japan hurt Russia economically, it led to workers and peasants working extra hard. This led to food shortages and raising prices
  • the loss to Japan was a national humiliation as Japan was seen as the smaller and inferior country, therefore this led to a growing dissatisfaction with the government.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why was the October Manifesto set up ?

A

due to large dissatisfaction between the government and Tsar due to Bloody Sunday and the loss to Japan in the war

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What did the October Manifesto promise ?

A
  • a duma or parliament that would be elected by the people and represent their views and interests
  • civil rights
  • the right to form political parties
  • an end to press censorship
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who was Sergei Witte ?

A

as a minister of finance he controlled industrialisation and the management of railway lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who was Peter Stolypin ?

A

he bang in agricultural reforms. He encouraged private ownership and improved efficiency. He wanted to create a stable peasantry that was loyal towards the Tsar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why did Russia lose WW1 ?

A
  • poor leadership of generals
  • lack of supplies and equipment
  • poor communication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What did Lenin believe would make a successful revolution ?

A

the worsening of conditions would make the public more receptive towards revolutionary ideas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why did the February Revolution take place ?

A
  • Tsar became commander-in-chief of the army
  • failure to implement any meaningful reforms
  • Tsarina and Rasputin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What were the consequences of the February Revolution ?

A

the abdication of the Tsar and the introduction of the provisional government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What was order number 1 ?

A

soldiers and workers obey the provisional government, but only when the Soviets agreed with the provisional governments decision.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What was Prince Lvov’s role in the provisional government ?

A

he was the head of the Provisional Government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What was Alexander Kerensky’s role in the provisional government ?

A

his first role in the provisional government was the Minister of Justice. However in May 1917 he became the Minister of War and then in July 1917 he became the Prime Minister.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What were the aims of the provisional government ?

A

they were supposed to be a temporary government until elections for a new government began

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What policies did the provisional government have ?

A

they wanted to continue the war

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What were the attitudes towards the provisional government ?

A

there was an overall negative attitude towards the provisional government because it represented a small population of Russia and were seen as wealthier, snobby people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What were the aims of the Petrograd soviet ?

A

to protect the working soldiers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Give me a quick summary of the July Days

A

this is where Kronstdat sailors organised their own armed demonstration in July, using Bolshevik slogans. The demonstrations spread to the centre of Petrograd. The Bolsheviks tried to turn the protests into peaceful processions, however when shots were fired at the demonstrators, there was chaos and uncontrolled rioting which led to a decrease in Bolshevik popularity as they were the cause of the bloodshed caused.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How did the July Days affect the popularity of the Bolsheviks ?

A

lost lots of support because they were blamed for the bloodshed in Petrograd in July

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Give me a quick summary of the Summer offensive ?

A

this is where the Provisional government decided to launch a military offensive against the central powers. However the offensive quickly turned into a disaster. The Russian army were ill-equipped, resulting in significant casualties and territorial losses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How did the Summer Offensive affect the popularity of the Bolsheviks ?

A

support for the Bolsheviks increased as it highlighted the incompetence of the Provisional Government in conducting war. This increased the Bolshevik support because they opposed the war effort and promised immediate peace.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Give me a summary of the Kornilov revolt ?

A

this is where in August 1917 general Kornilov attempted a coup against the provisional government. However the coup failed due to lack of support from key military leaders and political figures. The provisional government turned to the Bolsheviks for help.

24
Q

How did the Kornilov revolt affect the popularity of the Bolsheviks ?

A

It massively increased the Bolsheviks popularity as they were seen as the defenders of the revolution

25
Q

What were the main causes of the October Revolution ?

A
  • Kornilov Revolt
  • Summer Offensive
  • Influence of Lenin and Trotsky
  • unhappiness of soldiers, peasants and workers
26
Q

What were the main causes that the Bolsheviks won the October Revolution ?

A

*Lenin’s persistence:
- April Theses
- Wrote personal letters to the Bolshevik Party
* Trotsky’s persistence:
- great oral speaker
- set up the MRC, the MRC secured the support of the Kronsdat Sailors
- Chairman of the Petrograd Soviet allowed him to form the Red Guards
* Provisional Government weaknesses:
- Kornilov revolt: lost peoples respect and credibility. Therefore handed more popularity to the Bolsheviks. Made Kerensky look weak.

27
Q

What was Sovnarkom ?

A

this was a cabinet made of key government ministers, who between them, would run the country.

28
Q

What was the Decree of Peace ?

A

this was passed in 1917 and this was an appeal to warring nations to enter peace talks

29
Q

What was the decrees of workers control ?

A

passed on in November 1917, this gave workers seized controls in factories.

30
Q

What was Vesenkha ?

A

it was set up in 1917 and it was to take charge of existing institutions and to regulate the economy. It had control of important developments such as banks, railways, foreign debts were cancelled and the transport system was improved.

31
Q

What was the Cheka ?

A

this was set up in December 1917 and it was essentially Lenin’s secret police which was set up to combat counter-revolution and sabotage.

32
Q

What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ?

A

this was a treaty that signified the end of Russia’s involvement in WW1. However there were terms which had to be agreed by the Russians in order for this treaty to be finalised. Russia lost lots of its iron, coal and oil stores, they lost around 55 million people and lost 1 millions square miles of land.

33
Q

What key events led to the Civil War breaking out ?

A
  • removal of the constituent assembly
  • Treaty of Brest Litovsk
  • The creation of the Red Guards
  • The 1918 constitution
  • Cheka being established in 1917
34
Q

Why was the removal of the constituent assembly an event which led to the Civil War ?

A

Initially Lenin allowed for a vote to take place as he saw it as a legal gateway to a one party state and was confident that the Bolsheviks would win. However he swiftly dissolved it as the Bolsheviks didn’t win. This was a causation for the Civil War as it showed that the Bolsheviks weren’t really that popular in Russia and weren’t democratic but were acting in a way which would suggest a Dictatorship.

35
Q

How was the 1918 constitution seen as democratic ?

A
  • it was made up of deputies from elected local soviets
36
Q

How was the 1918 constitution seen as non democratic ?

A
  • middle-class people were not allowed to vote
  • Sovnarkom in practise was chosen by Bolsheviks
37
Q

What was another cause of the Civil War ?

A

there were 2 assassination attempts on Lenin in 1918. The first happening on January 14th and the second one on the 30th of August.

38
Q

What were Trotsky’s strengths during the Civil War ?

A
  • he was a brilliant organiser and improviser
  • he created the red army
  • Trotsky made the red army a professional fighting force
39
Q

What were Trotsky’s weaknesses during the Civil War ?

A
    • he was a brilliant organiser and improviser
  • he created the red army
  • Trotsky made the red army a professional fighting force
40
Q

Why did the Reds win the Civil War ?

A
  • The reds occupied central Russia, which contained industrial centres and capable of producing weapons and munitions as well as other war supplies.
  • The white generals did not trusty each other and would not coordinate counter-attacks, this allowed the reds to pick off the white armies one by one.
  • The whites had a lot of internal fighting in their armies.
41
Q

What was centralisation ?

A

the process of political power being put under the control of one party state.

42
Q

Factors which increased the growth of centralisation ?

A
  • Railways: transport was taken under control, as to maintain food supplies to cities
  • Peasants: wanted to control the peasants as they produce food, therefor Bolsheviks could set up food supplies, to organise collection and to distribute food.
  • Creation of Politburo: an organisation which made all the main decisions for Soviet Russia and controlled large parts of the economy.
43
Q

What was life like in the city during the Civil War ?

A
  • industrial production fell
  • succumbed to disease
  • hard labour
  • murder and rape was common
44
Q

What does the term gosplan mean ?

A

this was responsible for coordinating economical development in 1921

45
Q

What does the term Nepmen mean ?

A

traders who bought produce from peasants to sell in towns and bought consumer goods in towns to sell in peasant markets. Controlled 75% of retail trade by 1923.

46
Q

Why was the NEP introduced ?

A

the NEP was introduced to relax some of the harsh economic controls imposed under war communism

47
Q

What were some of the measures introduced in the NEP ?

A
  • requisitioning of grain ended
  • ban on private trade was removed
  • peasants were allowed to make their own profit through selling their grain
  • Forcible collectivisation of land was stopped, therefore peasants would be allowed to work for their own profit. The government thought that increased production would occur and that towns would be fed again.
48
Q

What was War Communism ?

A

This is were Bolsheviks took control of factories, mines, workshops and railways. Grain was taken from the peasants by force. Nationalisation of all industries. Bolsheviks took control of banks. Food was rationed to deal with shortages.

49
Q

Was War Communism successful ?

A

Yes and No. War Communism could be seen as good as it did support the red army. However war communism was created during the civil war, therefore it was far less coherent and less coordinated.

50
Q

Why was War Communism introduced ?

A

it primarily existed to ensure that the red army was supplied with munitions and food

51
Q

What was the comintern ?

A

this was a international socialist organisation promoting Marxism and spreading communism from Russia to the rest of the world

52
Q

Was the comintern successful ?

A

the first comintern was not successful as the spartacist uprising in Berlin was brutally suppressed in Jan 1919.

53
Q

What were the main causes of the Russo-Polish War ?

A
  • New Poland contained extensive territories lost by the former Tsarist Regime
  • Lenin and the Bolsheviks saw Poland as a geographical bridge to the West.
54
Q

What was the Treaty of Rapallo ?

A

This was a peace treaty between Germany and Russia. The basic terms of this treaty was to cooperate together and meet the economic needs of both countries

55
Q

Why was the treaty important for Russia ?

A

It was the first international recognition of the Bolsheviks as the official government of Russia

56
Q

Why was the treaty important for Germany ?

A

Russian and German armies trained together therefore this allowed Germany to use military technology such as tanks and warplanes

Revolution and Dictatorship: Russia 1917-1953 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions