Dissent and revolution 1917 - Unit 1 Flashcards
(39 cards)
Pre-1917 Government was
Autocratic
Who had been responsible for industrial change pre 1917?
Witte
Which of the following is true about agriculture before 1917? There had been good harvests in 1914, 15 and 16, a new class of peasants called Kulaks had been created as a result of Stolypin's 'Wager on the Strong'
Agriculture was backward, no peasants wanted change, production was low.
There was poor grain distribution, hoarding, high grain prices and no horses to work the ploughs
There had been good harvests in 1914, 15 and 16, a new class of peasants called Kulaks had been created as a result of Stolypin’s ‘Wager on the Strong’
There was poor grain distribution, hoarding, high grain prices and no horses to work the ploughs
What % of homes had electricity pre-1917?
74%
What % were on mains sewerage?
34%
How many people died from the cholera epidemic?
100,000
How would you describe the living conditions of the Russian people?
Rents were high, poor facilities, mostly wooden homes, overcrowding, improved access to primary education, limited working hours for women and children, 11 hr working day for men
What types of political unrest happened pre-1917?
1905 worker strikes
1906-7 peasant protests
Assassinations of key figures by the SRs
The re-introduction of press censorship in 1905
Stolypin’s neck tie - hanging of opposition
How did the first revolution happen?
Bread rationing
Women’s Day march
Pulitov works join the women’s day march
General strike
Soldiers join the protest
Tsar demands the troops fire on protestors
Soldiers refuse to fire
Rodzianko advised political reform but the Tsar refuses
Tsar attempts to suspend the Duma, they refuse
Russian generals told the Tsar they wouldn’t support him, Nicholas resigns 01/03/1917
Who said ‘popularly accepted but lacked legitimacy of the provisional government?
Westwood (historian)
Who said the ‘greatest feature of the government was inactivity’?
McCauley (historian)
Which was formed first, the Soviet or the Provisional Government?
The Soviet
What was the name of the rule that the Soviet passed that hampered the ability of the Provisional Government to rule without the Soviet?
Order Number 1
What was the name of the list of reforms the provisional government instantly issued?
The 8 point programme
What problems did the provisional government face?
Still fighting the First World War, Land - peasants wanted to own it, minorities, poor economy, the need for social reform
What were the events that happened between the Feb and October revolution?
Order number 1 issued
Lenin returns from Switzerland in a sealed carriage
Lenin issues the ‘April Thesis’ - Peace, bread and Land and All power to the Soviets
The Milyutov telegram
The Kerensky Offensive
The July days
Lenin flees and Kerensky becomes PM
The Kornilov coup and the creation of the MRC
Attempt to shut down the Bolshevik printing presses
Bolsheviks seize control
What is the name of the political body set up by the Bolsheviks after the October coup/revolution?
Sovnarhom
What method did the Bolsheviks use to give the illusion of control?
A series of decrees
The Bolsheviks passed many decrees, land decree, workers control decree, rights of the people of Russia decree. What is another name for the decree on peace?
The treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Who said the following: ‘No Russian government had ever been more responsive to pressure from below or less able to impose its will upon society’
Acton (historian)
When were political parties legally allowed?
1906
Which political paries were prominent by 1917?
Octobrists, Kadets, SRs, Mensheviks and Bolsheviks
Were workers strikes increasing?
Yes in 1912 - 750,000 on strike, by 1914, Jan-July there were 1,450,000
Why had the 1905 revolution not fixed things?
The redical changes didn’t happen. The OCtober Manifesto created a national parliament in the Duma, but it had limited powere. It didn’t have the ultimate law-making power as it was undermined by the Fundamental Laws
