Dissociative Disorders & PTSD

Question 1

persistent or recurrent feelings of being detached from one’s body or mental processes

Answer 1

depersonalization disorder

Question 1

feeling of being detached from one’s surroundings

Answer 1

derealization disorder

Question 2

what is the mean age of onset of depersonalization/derealization disorder?

Answer 2

16 years

Question 3

what is the most common cause of depersonalization/derealization disorder?

Answer 3

emotional abuse and neglect during childhood

Question 4

what are the top 2 comorbid conditions that can cause depersonalization/derealization disorder?

Answer 4

unipolar depression
anxiety disorder

Question 5

in depersonalization/derealization disorder, symptoms are usually _____ and ______ in intensity

Answer 5

episodic
change

Question 6

in depersonalization/derealization disorder, symptoms are almost always what?

Answer 6

distressing/intolerable

Question 7

what are 2 common symptoms of depersonalization/derealization disorder?

Answer 7

anxiety
depression

Question 8

what is a treatment used for depersonalization/derealization disorder to block obsessive thinking?

Answer 8

cognitive techniques

Question 9

what is a treatment for depersonalization/derealization disorder to distract from their condition?

Answer 9

behavioral techniques

Question 10

what is a treatment for depersonalization/derealization disorder to connect to the world and feel more real in the moment?

Answer 10

grounding techniques

Question 11

in which patients with depersonalization/derealization disorder become disabled by the chronic sense of estrangement?

Answer 11

those with anxiety and/or depression

Question 12

inability to recall important personal information that would not typically be lost with ordinary forgetting

Answer 12

dissociative amnesia

Question 13

what is dissociative anemia usually caused by? (2)

Answer 13

trauma
stress

Question 14

what is important to remember about dissociative amnesia in regards to forgotten information?

Answer 14

it is inaccessible to consciousness, but can still influence behavior

Question 15

inability to remember a specific period of time, specific event, or a circumscribed period of time (before age 12 for example)

Answer 15

localized amnesia

Question 16

inability to remember some of the events during a circumscribed period of time (combat experience or a sexual assault)

Answer 16

selective amnesia

Question 17

inability to remember certain categories of memory, like ones home-life during 3rd grade but remember being at school, or unable to remember a particular person

Answer 17

systematized amnesia

Question 18

inability to remember successive events as they occur

Answer 18

continuous amnesia

Question 19

failure to recall the whole life of the person

Answer 19

generalized (global) amnesia

Question 20

what 4 symptoms are common in dissociative anemia?

Answer 20

depression
neurological
suicide
self-destructive behaviors

Question 21

how do many patients with dissociative anemia appear afterwards?

Answer 21

confused

Question 22

what do some patients with dissociative anemia report?

Answer 22

flashbacks

Question 23

dissociative amnesia that is accompanied by sudden, unexpected/purposeful travel away from home OR bewildered wandering

Answer 23

dissociative fugue

Question 24

what is the adequate treatment of dissociative anemia?

Answer 24

supportive treatment

Question 25

what 3 treatments should be done once the amnesia is lifted?

Answer 25

give meaning to trauma/conflict resolve problems with amnestic episode enable patient to move forward

Question 26

what is the treatment for dissociative fugue?

Answer 26

psychotherapy + hypnosis to restore memory

Question 27

what happens to the capacity for dissociation as patients age?

Answer 27

decrease

Question 28

what is the prognosis of dissociative amnesia determined by? (2)

Answer 28

patient's life circumstances patient's psychological adjustment

Question 29

development and persistence of intrusive and avoidance symptoms, negative changes in thought or mood, and arousal/reactivity for at least 1 month following a traumatic event

Answer 29

PTSD

Question 30

what kind of patients with PTSD experience difficulty with affect regulation, dissociation, self-destructive behavior, and suicidal behavior?

Answer 30

patients who experienced childhood trauma

Question 31

meet all the diagnostic criteria for PTSD and experience persistent or recurrent dissociative symptoms (depersonalization and derealization)

Answer 31

dissociative subtype

Question 32

what is the standard of care for PTSD?

Answer 32

cognitive behavioral therapy

Question 33

what medication can be used for PTSD to help with depression, panic attacks, startle response, or sleep disruption?

Answer 33

SSRI

Question 34

what medication can be used for PTSD to help with sleep disruption?

Answer 34

trazodone

Question 35

what medication can be used for PTSD to help with nightmares?

Answer 35

prazosin

Question 36

what medication can be used for PTSD to help with anxiety?

Answer 36

benzodiazepines

Question 37

in 50% of PTSD cases, when do symptoms spontaneously remit/end?

Answer 37

after 3 months

Question 38

characterized by at least 2 personality states and the inability to recall everyday events, important personal information, and/or traumatic/stressful events

Answer 38

dissociative identity disorder

Question 39

what age does dissociative identity disorder typically occur?

Answer 39

any age

Question 40

dissociative identity disorder in which outside agents take control of the person and the different identities are very overt

Answer 40

possession form

Question 41

dissociative identity disorder in which there is a sudden alteration in their sense of self or identity, has recurrent dissociative amnesia, and tends to be less overt

Answer 41

non-possession form

Question 42

in which type of patients does dissociative identity disorder occur in?

Answer 42

those who experienced overwhelming stress or trauma during childhood

Question 43

the sense that one part of one's self is markedly different from another part of one's self

Answer 43

self-alteration

Question 44

a narrowing of awareness of one's immediate surroundings or stereotyped behaviors or movements that are experienced as being beyond one's control

Answer 44

trance state

Question 45

what are 5 symptoms of dissociative identity disorder?

Answer 45

amnesia depersonalization derealization self-alteration trance state

Question 46

what form of dissociative identity disorder is apparent to family members and demands punishment for past actions?

Answer 46

possession form

Question 47

what form of dissociative identity disorder has different identities not apparent to observers?

Answer 47

non-possession form