Distillation Flashcards
(10 cards)
Boiling Point
the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the external pressure
Evaporation
a surface phenomenon in which molecules located near the liquid’s edge escape into the surroundings as vapor
What is boiling point influenced by? (2)
- external pressure
- the strength of intermolecular forces between molecules
Distillation
the process of boiling a liquid, condensing the vapor into liquid, and then collecting it in another vessel
What are examples of distillation? (4)
- simple distillation
- fractional distillation
- steam distillation
- vacuum distillation
Simple Distillation (2)
- process used to separate a liquid from nonvolatile substances
- used when boiling points differ by ≥25 °C
Fractional Distillation (3)
- process in which a liquid mixture of two or more volatile substances is separated into its component fractions based on differences in their boiling points
- when boiling points differ by <25 °C
- a series of simple distillations in one mechanical step
What is the process of distillation? (4)
1) Liquid is boiled in RBF
2) The resulting vapors travel up the distillation apparatus
3) Vapors come into contact with a cool surface and condense
4) The condensed liquid drips into a separate vessel
What is the process of fractional distillation? (5)
1) The vapor rises that rises rom the boiling mixture is richer in the more volatile compound
2) Inside the fractionating column, the vapor condenses and re-vaporizes many times
3) These mini cycles of vaporization-condensation make the separation better
4) The first vapor to reach the top is the more volatile compound
5) The second vapor to reach the top is the less volatile compound
Azeotrope (2)
- the vapor of the mixture has the same composition as the boiling liquid
- no separation can occur
