Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Spirits - Cameron > Distilling spirits > Flashcards

Distilling spirits Flashcards

(76 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the boiling point of ethanol?

A

78.5C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are white spirits?

A

generally unaged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are characters of golden and brown spirits?

A

usually aged in oak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What flavor does american oak contribute to spirits?

A

vanillin spice chocolate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What flavor does European oak impart on spirits?

A

colour tanning dried fruit flavours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is brandy?

A

Brandy is an unsweetened spirit made by the distillation of fermented natural fresh grape juice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 5 crus of cognac?

A

Grande Champagne

Petite Champagne

Borderiesm Vins Bois

Bons Bois

Bois Communs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In 1872 what grape varietal did Ugni Blanc replace?

A

Folle Blanche (Picpoul)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What barrels are generally used for Cognac aging?

A

1) 350-400L barrels
2) Mainly from Limousin (course grained faster againg)
3) Troncais (tighter grain more tannin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the difference in raw material used in Cognac and Armanac?

A

Cognac is generally fermented around 8% and is composed of almost all Ugni Blanc Armagnac is fermented to around around 8-11% also from Ugni Blanc but also Baco 22a, Folle Blanche and Colombard are important

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the aging minimums for Cognac?

A

VS minimum 2 years old (in practice 3-7)

VSOP minimum 4 years old (in practice 5-15)

XO minimum 6 years old (in practice up to 40)

Fine Champagne is a blend of petite and grand champagne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the aging minimums for Armagnac?

A

VS minimum 1 year

VSOP minimum 4 years

XO minimum 5 years old

Vintage: all the contents must come from a single year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What oak is used in Armagnac?

A

Mostly Limousin with some Alsace and Moniezun oak. Armagnac ages slowly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is spanish brandy made?

A

Jerez and Penedes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the raw materials used to make brandy in Jerez

A

Airen from La Mancha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the raw materials used to make brandy in Penedes

A

Parellada

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What Maturation method is used in Jerez?

A

Solera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What maturatiohn method is used in Penedes

A

Solera or static aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the aging requirements for Solera, Reserva and Solera Gran Reserva?

A

Solera: minimum 6 months ageing Reserva: minimum 1 year old Solera Gran Reserva: 100% holandas, minimum 3 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe German brandy

A

Generally made from imported base wines, then distilled to a high strength in column stills. Can be sweetened and flavoured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe Chilean brandy

A

Pisco: Aromatic grapes, generally unaged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Marc?

A

Made from grape pomace, similar to grappa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe Grappa

A

made in Northern Italy

it takes 140kg of grapes to make 1L Grappa (compared to 11.25kg grapes for 1L cognac)

Mostly Column still but there are some artisan pot-still producers.

Generally a blend of varietals but single varietal grappas are becoming more common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Name 3 brandy cocktails

A

Brandy Alexander, SIdecar, Champagne Cocktail, Pisco Sour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Where is Calvados?
delimited zone in Normandy/Brittany
26
What is the distillation for Calvados?
Double pot still (compulsory for pads d'Auge) or column still 65-70% abv.
27
What are the aging requirements for Calvados?
Fine: Minimum 3 years Vieux/Reserve: minimum 3 years VO/VSOP/Vielle Reserve: minimum 4 years XO: Minimum 6 years
28
What is Fine brandy in France?
AOC controlled- light brandy produced in many wine regions
29
What is Generic brandy in France?
mostly neutral grape spirit that is aged for 12 months before caramel and sugar are added.
30
What is Kirsch made from?
Cherries
31
What is Poire William made from?
Williams Pears
32
What is Framboise made from?
Raspberries
33
What is Mirabelle made from?
Yellow plums
34
What are the sub regions for Scotch production?
Highlands/Islands, Islay, Speyside Lowlands
35
What are the raw materials for Scotch production?
Malted barley is milled, and then hot water extrats the sugar to create a sugary wort, which is then fermented to create a wash of 7-10% ABV
36
How is Scotch distilled?
Copper pot stills are required by law. Usually a double distillation in relatively large pot stills, heated by steam coils.
37
What is the maturation method of scotch?
Must be aged in Scotland for at least 3 years in oak barrels of a maximum 700L. Most malts are aged in ex-Bourbon barrels, but ex-Sherry vessels are also used. Other casks may be used for 'finishin' the whiskey
38
What are single and blended malts?
Single malt: a whiskey that comes from a single distillery Blended malt: a blend of whiskies from several malt distilleries
39
Where are you likely to find Scotch Grain Whiskey?
At one of the 7 large distilleries mostly located in coastal Lowland locations
40
What is the max distilled ABV for Scotch Grain Whiskey?
94.8% ABV in large continuous still
41
What are single and blended grain Scotch Grain Whiskey?
Single Grain: whiskies are released in small quantities Blended Grain: whiskies combining more than one grain distillery
42
What are the 3 Irish Whiskey distilleries and where are they?
Midleton (Co Cork) Bushmills (Co Antrim, NI) Cooley (Co Louth)
43
What are the raw materials used at each Irish Whiskey distillery?
Midleton: various grains, mainly maize and barley Cooley: various grains, including maize, malted and unmalted barley, and peated barley, depending on the product Bushmills: malted barley, plus grain whiskey from Midleton
44
What is the ageing requirement for Irish Whiskey?
3 years in a variety of used casks Max 700L
45
Name the 3 styles of american straight whiskies
Bourbon Tennessee Straight Rye
46
What is the main difference between tennessee whiskey and bourbon?
The Lincoln County Process where Tennessee Whiskey is run through maple-wood charcoal
47
What is american straight whisky?
A whisky made from a minimum of 51% of one grain, distilled to no more than 80% abv, and aged for a minimum of two years in new oak casks
48
What is the aging requirement for Canadian Whisky?
3 years in oak (a variety are used but ex-Bourbon is most common)
49
Name 5 whisky cocktails
Whisky Sour Rusty Nail Irish Coffee Julep Old Fashioned Manhattan
50
What are the raw materials and distillation of Canadian whisky?
Usually a blend of lightly-flavored, high-strength column-still corn whisky, with some flavoring whiskies (based on rye, maize or barley). Up to9.09% fruit-based wine (such as Sherry) can be added
51
Describe vodka
An unaged spirit, distilled to a high strength so that little character of the base material remains. It may be flavoured
52
What are the raw materials used for Vodka production?
Any source of fermentable sugars. Cereal grains are most common (rye barley wheat, potato and grape)
53
What is the distillation method used for Vodka
Generally column still but sometimes pot-still for premium brands distilled to 96% abv Often filtered through activated charcoal to remove impurities and colour then reduced to a bottling strength (minimum 37.5% abv)
54
Describe Russian vodka
Usually wheat-based. Light in flabour, with a spirity bite.
55
Describe Polish Vodka
Usually rye-based. Subtly spicy and citric. Some potato vodkas also produced (soft and creamy)
56
Describe Scandinavian Vodka
Usually based on Barley Wheat or Rye
57
Describe Rum
A spirit distilled in a country where sugar cane is grown from a wash of either molasses+water
58
Describe Barbados rum
Elegant, perfumed rums
59
Describe Jamaica rum
Pungent, estery rums (white golden and dark)
60
Describe Guyana rum
Spicy dark rums that are lighter in body than those of Jamaica
61
Describe the rum of French Antilles
Martinique and Guadeloupe specialise in Rhum agricole, a grassy fruity style of rum made from fermented cane juice
62
Describe Tequila
A spirit made from a distilled wash where most of the sugars come from Blue Agave grown in the delimited Tequila regions. May be aged or unaged
63
What distillation method is used for Tequila
distilled twice in copper or stainless steel pot stills or continuous stills. First distillation to 20% abv, second to around 55%
64
What raw materials are used for making tequila?
The heart of Blue Agave. It is harvested at 7-10 years old cooked in a steam autoclave for 6-14 hours. After crushing and shredding, the juice extracted. A mixture of other sugars may then be added (agave sugars must make a minimum of 51% of the total.)
65
What are the styles of Tequila
Silver: Unaged Gold: EIther unaged but coloured with caramel, or a blend of white and older Tequilas Reposado: minimum of 2 months in oak Anejo: Minimum of one year in oak casks (max 600L) Mezcal: a Tequila-type spirit made from other species of Agave or from outside the delimited Tequila zone. Can be very pungent
66
Describe Gin
A spirit flavoured with botanicals of which Juniper must dominate
67
What are the raw materials for Gin?
Raw spirit usually grain based but can be molasses or sugar beet, is redistilled to create a highly recitified spirit of 96% then reduced to around 60%
68
What botanicals are used for Gin production?
juniper berries coriander citrus peel other herbs and spices.
69
Describe London Dry Gin
must be a distilled gin (not cold compounded). May come from anywhere
70
Describe Plymouth Gin
Must come from Plymouth; uses only sweet botanicals
71
Describe Dutch
Oude Genever is made from a pot-still, rye or barley based spirits. It is pungent and oily, but with a less fresh juniper character than other gins
72
What distillation method is used to make gin?
Botanicals are added to the spirit, or placed in a still above the base spirit. This is then redistilled in a pot still to fix the botanical aromas. Multiple distillation may take place, with different botanicals being added at each stage
73
How is cheap gin made?
flavourings are added directly to the spirit (cold compounding) and no further distillation takes place
74
Describe akavit
A spirit flavoured with spices and herbs of which caraway must dominate
75
What is the raw material for akavit?
Grain based caraway for flavouring anise, citrus peel other herbs and spices
76
What is a liqueur?
A liquid that includes a distilled spirit component and flavourings and a minimum of 100g/l sugar

Spirits - Cameron (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions