Distinctive Landscapes Flashcards

Question

Explain the process of longshore drift

Answer 1

>Waves follow the direction of the prevailing wind >They usually hit the coast at an oblique angle >The swash carries material up the beach, in the same direction as the waves >The backwash then carries material down the beach at right angles, back towards the sea

Answer 2

>They are just beaches that stick out in the sea, they're joined to the coast at one end. >Spits form at sharp bends in the coastline. >Longshore drift transports sand and shingle past the bend and deposits it in the sea. .Strong winds and waves can curve the end of the spit

Answer 3

>It is located on the south of England >It is called the Jurassic coast because it has lots of fossils

Answer 4

Durdle Door: >It formed on a hard limestone headland. Erosion by waves opened up a crack in the headland, Which became a cave and then developed into an arch. >The arch is being gradually broken down by mechanical and biological weathering. Chesil Beach: >A tombolo. >It formed by longshore drift. Behind Chesil Beach is a shallow lagoon called The Fleet lagoon.

Answer 5

Temperature: >The Dorset coast has warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters. >Salt weathering is the dominant form of mechanical weathering, particularly ins summer. The warm temperatures cause sea water to evaporate form rock quickly. Wind: >The Dorset coast's location means that it's exposed to prevailing winds from the south-west/ >These prevailing winds can bring storms to the UK from the Atlantic Ocean. >Hydraulic action and abrasion both increase during a storm and erode the base of the cliffs. Rainfall: >Soils and rocks become heavier when they're saturated, which can make them more prone to mass movement.

Answer 6

>The coastline is made from bands of hard rock and soft rock. The rocks have been eroded at different rates, which has created the area's coastal landforms. >Soft rock are easily eroded by hydraulic action. >Weathering tends to happen gradually and cause small changes.

Answer 7

>It's often a combination of climatic and geological factors that affect how erosion and weathering shape the landscape. >Lots of rain makes chalk and limestone vulnerable to carbonation weathering because the rain water is slightly acidic.

Answer 8

Groynes: >They are wooden and stone fences that are built at right angle to the coast. >They trap material transported by long-shoe drift, this creates wider beaches which slow the waves, giving greater protection from erosion. >New timber groynes were putten in Swanage Beach.

Answer 9

Groynes: >They are wooden and stone fences that are built at right angle to the coast. >They trap material transported by long-shoe drift, this creates wider beaches which slow the waves, giving greater protection from erosion. >New timber groynes were put in Swanage Beach. >However they stopped the beach material from moving along the coast, they've starved areas further down the coast of sediment, making them narrower.

Answer 10

Sea Walls: >There are concrete sea walls in place along most of Swanage Beach. >Sea walls reflect waves back out to sea, preventing the erosion of the coast. >But they can't create a strong backwash which removes sediment from the beach and can erode under the wall. >They also prevent the cliffs from being eroded, so there's no new material to replenish the beach, this will gradually lower the level of the beach.

Answer 11

1)In the upper course of ariver, fast-flowing water following heavy rain and high turbulences cause loose rough particles and boulders to be transported by the river. 2)They are scraped along the river bed whic causes downwards erosion. 3)The river doesn't have enough energy to erode sideways, so vertical erosion is dominant 4)This deepens the valley creating a V-shape.

Answer 12

1)The river flows over an area of hard rock followed by an area of soft rock 2)The softer rock is eroded by hydraulic action more than the hard rock. 3)This creates a step, as the water goes over the step it erodes more an dmore of the softer rock. 4)A steep drop is eventually created = waterfall.

Answer 13

1)The hard rock is eventually undercut by erosion, it becomes unsupported and collapses. 2)The collapsed rocks are swirled around at the foot of the waterfall where they erode the softer rock by abrasion. 3)Over time more undercutting causes more collapses, the water fall will retreat leaving a gorge.

Answer 14

1)The current is faster on the outside of the bend because the river channel is deeper. 2)So more erosion takes place on the outside of the bend, forming river cliffs 3)The current is slower on the inside of the bend because the river channel is shallower. 4)So eroded material is deposited on the inside of the bend, forming slip-off-slopes.

Answer 15

1)Erosion causes the outside of the bend to get closer, untill there's only a small bit of land left. 2)The river breaks through this land and river flows along the shortest course 3)Deposition eventually cuts off the meander forming an ox-bow lake.

Answer 16

>Natural embankments along edges. >During a flood eroded material is deposited >The heaviest material is deposited closest >Overtime, the deposited material builds up= Levees.

Answer 17

>When a river floods onto the floodplain the water slows down and deposits eroded material >This builds up a floodplain. >Meanders migrate across a floodplain

Distinctive Landscapes Flashcards

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