distribution of fibers from the sympathetic trunk

Question 1

what are the three ways fibers are carried from the sympathetic trunks?

Answer 1

1. nerves
2. blood vessels
3. direct branches

Question 2

what are the three types of postganglionic fibers in the sympathetic trunk?

Answer 2

1. vasomotor
2. sudomotor
3. motor to the arrector pili

Question 3

what are the five functions of direct branches to the viscera?

Answer 3

1. constrict blood vessels
2. dilate the bronchial tree
3. stimulate glandular secretion
4. dilate the pupils
5. inhibit digestive activity

Question 4

what branches from the superior cervical trunk accompany nerves?

Answer 4

there are five nerves the glossopharyngeal, vagus, recurrent laryngeal. auricular, and hypoglossal nerves.

Question 5

what what blood vessels are accompanied by sympathetic nerves from the cervical sympathetic trunk?

Answer 5

internal carotid artery, inferior thyroid artery, and the subclavion artery.

Question 6

where does the internal carotid nerve originate?

Answer 6

superior cervical ganglion

Question 7

where does the internal carotid nerve enter the skull?

Answer 7

the cranial vault with the internal carotid artery

Question 8

how many branches does the internal carotid nerve divide into and what is their names?

Answer 8

two the lateral and medial branches

Question 9

what does the lateral internal carotid nerve form and where does it terminate?

Answer 9

forms the internal carotid plexus and most terminate on blood vessels in the skull.

Question 10

what does the lateral internal carotid nerve communicate with?

Answer 10

it communicates with the trigeminal ganglion which allows postganglionic sympathetic fibers to reach any structure with the field of distribution of the trigeminal nerve.

Question 11

what supplies the blood vessels of in the lateral rectus?

Answer 11

the abducens nerve.

Question 12

postganglionic fibers from the deep petrosal nerve combine with what other nerve to form what nerve and where do they reach?

Answer 12

they join the greater petrosal nerve to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal.they reach the lacrimal, nasal, palatine, and some pharyngeal glands.

Question 13

what does the corticotympanic nerve join with to form what nerve to supply what?

Answer 13

joins with the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve to form the tympanic plexus and supply glands and blood vessels in the middle ear.

Question 14

what does the medial internal carotid nerve form?

Answer 14

the cavernous plexus

Question 15

where is the cavernous plexus found?

Answer 15

within the cavernous sinus, alongside the sella turcica.

Question 16

where do fibers travel through from the cavernous plexus to supply what structures of the eye?

Answer 16

it travels through the ciliary ganglion to supply the ciliaris and dilater pupillae muscles as well as some tarsus muscles of the upper eyelid.

Question 17

where do other branches travel from the medial internal carotid nerve?

Answer 17

oculomotor nerves, trochlear nerve, and the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve.

Question 18

branches to the oculomotor nerve supply what?

Answer 18

blood vessels associated with muscles supplied by the nerve.

Question 19

branches to the trochlear nerve supply what?

Answer 19

blood vessels of the superior oblique.

Question 20

branches to the ophthalmic supply what?

Answer 20

arrector pili, sweat glands and blood vessels in the field of distribution of the ophthalmic division.

Question 21

what do the branches accompanying the inferior thyroid artery supply and where do they originate?

Answer 21

they supply the thyroid gland and are from the middle cervical ganglion.

Question 22

branches following the subclavion artery arise from what ganglion and also follow what other arteries?

Answer 22

they arise from the inferior cervical or stellate ganglion and reach the upper extremity via the axillary and brachial arteries.

Question 23

what branches from the cervical sympathetic trunk travel directly to visceral structures?

Answer 23

laryngeopharyngeal branches and the cardiac branches.

Question 24

where are the laryngeopharyngeal branches from and what do they from?

Answer 24

they are from the superior cervical ganglion and they from the pharyngeal plexus

Question 25

what other nerves send fibers to help form the pharyngeal plexus and what does the plexus supply?

Answer 25

the glossophryngeal nerve, vagus nerve, and laryngeal plexus all send fibers to help form the pharyngeal plexus and it supplies the blood vessels and glands.

Question 26

where do the cardiac branches arise?

Answer 26

all three cervical ganglia.

Question 27

what do the cardiac branches accompany to their target which is?

Answer 27

they accompany branches of the vagus through the cardiac plexus to the sinoatrial node.

Question 28

what does sympathetic stimulation from the cardiac branches cause?

Answer 28

increases heart rate and dilates the coronary arteries.

Question 29

what branches of the thoracic sympathetic trunk accompany nerves and what do they supply?

Answer 29

they all have a grey ramus communicans so they supply the arrector pili, sweat glands, and blood vessels in the field of distribution of each thoracic nerve.

Question 30

what branches of the thoracic sympathetic trunk accompany blood vessels?

Answer 30

ganglia 1-5 send postganglionic fibers to the thoracic aorta.

Question 31

what branches of thoracic sympathetic trunk travel directly to visceral structures?

Answer 31

cardiac branches, pulmonary branches, greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves.

Question 32

what thoracic ganglia give chardiac branches?

Answer 32

T2-T4 ganglia

Question 33

what do the cardiac branches pass through to terminate where and what is their function on target organ?

Answer 33

they pass through the cardiac plexus to end up at the heart. they increase heart rate, dilate coronary arteries.

Question 34

what thoracic ganglia give rise to pulmonary branches?

Answer 34

T2-T4 ganglia

Question 35

what do pulmonary branches travel through to terminate where and what do they supply as well as function?

Answer 35

they travel through the pulmonary plexus to supply the pleura, smooth muscle, and blood vessels of the lungs as well as the bronchial glands. their function is to increase bronchial dilation.

Question 36

the greater splanchnic nerve contains fibers from where?

Answer 36

T5-T9 or T10 ganglia

Question 37

what does the greater splanchnic nerve supply?

Answer 37

esophagus and thoracic aorta

Question 38

through what does the greater splanchnic nerve pass to arrive at what other target?

Answer 38

passes through the gastric, hapatic, and superior mesentric plexus via the celiac plexus to reach the abdominal viscera.

Question 39

the lesser splanchnic nerve contains fibers from where?

Answer 39

T9-T10 or T11 ganglia

Question 40

what does the lesser splanchnic nerve supply?

Answer 40

some of the same features as the greater splanchnic nerve with the addition of the suprarenal glands.

Question 41

the least splanchnic nerve carries fibers from where/

Answer 41

the lowest thoracic ganglia.

Question 42

where do fibers from the least splanchnic nerve reach and through what?

Answer 42

they reach the kidneys through the renal plexus

Question 43

what branches of the lumbar sympathetic trunk accompany nerves?

Answer 43

a gray ramus communicans is associated with each nerve and they supply the arrector pili, sweat glands, blood vessels in the field of distribution of each lumbar nerve.

Question 44

what arteries do what branches of the lumbar sympathetic trunk follow to what structure?

Answer 44

the vascular branches follow the lumbar arteries bock to the abdominal aorta.

Question 45

where do the branchial arteries follow the abbdominal artery to?

Answer 45

to the median sacral artery and the common iliac arteries.

Question 46

what branches of the sacral sympathetic trunk accompany nerves?

Answer 46

a gray ramus communicans is associated with each sacral and coccygeal nerve and these fibers supply the arrector pili, sweat glands, and blood vessels in the field of distribution of each sacral or coccygeal nerve.

Question 47

what branches of the pelvic sympathetic trunk accompany blood vessels?

Answer 47

vascular branches are given off that follow the median sacral artery.

Question 48

what branches of the pelvic sympathetic trunk travel directly to visceral structures?

Answer 48

sacral (not pelvic) splanchnic nerves

Question 49

sacral splanchnic nerves supply what structur via what plexus?

Answer 49

they supply pelvic viscera via the inferior mesentric plexus. fibers supplying the ureters and the rectum pass directly to these structures.