Distribution of Heat Flashcards

Question

Explain what the Earth's curvature causes?

Answer 1

Causes solar radiation to be distributed unevenly. At higher latitudes solar radiation is spread out over a large area (steeper, less intense). Smaller areas are more direct, and thus, a smaller concentrated area.

Answer 2

- Tropical (same all year essentially) - Temperate (seasonal variation) - Polar

Answer 3

The Sun Precipitation ---> (Heat/Energy in) Evaporation/Transpiration ---> (Heat/energy out) Condensation ---> cont... Water's high heat capaity/and rate of fusion makes it good at transferring heat.

Answer 4

Water has a low albedo, allowing it to absorb almost 90% of the energy that strikes it. Combined with a high specific heat capacity and heats of vaporization and fusion, the oceans change temperatures much more slowly than the atmosphere and land. Stable climate. Large heat resovirs.

Answer 5

Surface winds that allow for the circulations of water from the tropics to polar regions, **distributing solar heat and nutrients (temperature gradient)**. They cause heat differences, such as NA and Asia same latitudes. (Cold better at holding gases, so warm/cold intersections = lots of life)

Answer 6

- Every 3-7 yrs - A disruption of the ocean atmosphere system - Winds over Pacific Ocean changes, raising surface temperatures of the ocean - Reversal of system, changing where water/energy goes - Warm goes East to NA (Dry and warm)

Answer 7

Opposite of El Nino - Increases in wind strength cools ocean - Cool, wet, winters in NA

Answer 8

Winds in an area typically move in the same direction.

Answer 9

From the direction they originate from. Ex: "Westerlies" come from the West

Answer 10

Convection: heat transfer in fluid---atmosphere Warm air at the equator rises and moves towards poles. Cold air from the poles flows down to replace the rising warm air, creating a convection current. Air does not make it all the way from equator to pole, however, creating cells of circulating air. H.P. > concentration gradient > L.P. ^ v hot cold air rises sinks ^ v L.P. < pressure dif, surface winds < H.P. Then, this reverses when it hits the different temperate airmasses. Air from all around moves to the low pressure zone. North Polar: CCW North Temperate: CW North Tropical: CCW

Answer 11

Wind moves up, so ships don't move near equator.

Answer 12

Large weather systems appear to veer sideways as they move from the equator because the Earth is rotating. Ground under convection currents is rotating, so air curves E->W (sideways)

Answer 13

Currents of fast moving air (10-15km above the Earth's surface) that occur at the boundary of warm/cold air masses. Large influences to AB as we are between temperate and polar.

Answer 14

Mountains and oceans. Mountains causes air masses to move up, as rising air cools and loses moisture, while descending air warms and picks up moisture. Oceans have a high heat capacity, heat of fusion/vaporization.

Answer 15

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a gram of a substance by 1 deg C. Temperature change, as heat causes speed up of particles (Ek). Units are J/g deg C.

Answer 16

Q = mcΔT Q = amount of heat in Joules (J or kJ) m = mass in grams (g or kg) c = specific heat capacity (J/g deg c or kJ/kg deg C) ΔT = Tf - Ti = change in temperature (deg C)

Answer 17

Not associated with a temperature change, but a **state/phase change**. Energy added is used to overcome bonding between the water molecules, rather than to raise temperature. Change in Ep---speed of molecules does not change (temp).

Answer 18

Energy required to convert 1 mole of a substance from a solid to a liquid. Melting is endothermic (+Q) (requires energy) Freezing is exothermic (-Q) ex: fridge, snow=temp up

Answer 19

Energy required to convert 1 mole of a substance from a liquid to a gas. Evaporation is endothermic (+Q) (requires energy) Condensation is exothermic (-Q) ex: steam burns = bad, water coolant, sweating

Answer 20

Q = nΔH Q = Amount of heat (kJ) ΔHfus = Heat of fusion (kJ/mol) ΔHvap = Heat of vaporization (kJ/mol) n = number of moles (mol)

Answer 21

When steam comes into contact with your skin, it condenses back into water. This process releases the energy that was absorbed during vaporization. Because steam contains more energy than boiling water at the same temperature, it transfers more heat/energy to the skin upon contact.

Distribution of Heat Flashcards

(47 cards)