Distribution Of Organims

Question 1

When does competition occur?

Answer 1

Competition will occur between organisms when they require the same resources but it is in short supply

Question 2

What may animals compete for?

Answer 2

Food
Water
Shelter
Mates

Question 3

What may plants compete for?

Answer 3

Light
Water
Soil nutrients
Space to grow (root space)

Question 4

What is intraspecific competition?

Answer 4

IntrAspecific competition occurs between members of the sAme species

E.g. polar bears competing for food

Question 5

What is interspecific competition?

Answer 5

IntERspecific competition occurs between member of diffERent species

Question 6

What competition is more intense?

Answer 6

Intraspecific as it’s competition for all resources required

Question 7

What are the 2 types of factors that affect biodiversity?

Answer 7

Biotic and Abiotic

Question 8

What are abiotic factors?

Answer 8

Non living factors

Question 9

What are some examples of abiotic factors?

Answer 9

Temperature, pH, moisture and light intensity

Question 10

What are biotic factors?

Answer 10

Factors that are directly related to living organisms

Question 11

What are some examples of biotic factors?

Answer 11

Competition, disease, food availability, predators and grazing

Question 12

How does predation affect biodiversity?

Question 13

How does competition affect biodiversity?

Question 14

How does disease affect biodiversity?

Question 15

How does food availability affect biodiversity?

Question 16

How can soil pH be measured?

Answer 16

Insert the probe of a pH meter into the soil and take reading

Question 17

How can light intensity be measured?

Answer 17

Direct the solar panel of a light meter towards the light source being measured and take a reading

Question 18

How can temperature be measured?

Answer 18

Insert a thermometer into the soil and take reading

Question 19

How can moisture level be measured?

Answer 19

Insert the probe of a moisture meter into the soil and take reading

Question 20

What may a source or error be when using a pH meter?

Answer 20

Reading may be contaminated from a previous measurement

Question 21

How can you minimise the room for error when using a pH meter?

Answer 21

Wipe the probe clean between each use

Question 22

What may a source or error be when using a light meter?

Answer 22

Sensor blocked

Question 23

How can you minimise the room for error when using a light meter?

Answer 23

Stand to the side of the meter when taking a reading

Question 24

What may a source or error be when using a moisture meter?

Answer 24

Reading may be contaminated from a previous measurement

Question 25

How can you minimise the room for error when using a moisture meter?

Answer 25

Wipe probe clean and dry between each use

Question 26

What may a source or error be when using a thermometer?

Answer 26

Reading may be inaccurate

Question 27

How can you minimise the room for error when using a thermometer?

Answer 27

-Leave for a time to adjust before reading -Insert probe to same depth each time

Question 28

What is a pitfall trap?

Answer 28

A pitfall trap is used to measure small invertebrates that live on the ground It’s a pot with small holes in the bottom and is placed in the ground with the top flush to ground level. It is covered and collected regularly.

Question 29

What may a source or error be when using a pitfall trap?

Answer 29

-Trap not level with soil : organisms don’t fall in -Trap left to long or not checked regularly : organisms eat each other -Not camouflaged : predation occurs e.g. birds eating the contents of the trap -No drainage holes : trap floods and organisms lost

Question 30

How can you minimise the room for error when using a pitfall trap?

Answer 30

-Check traps regularly and record

Question 31

What is a quadrat?

Answer 31

A quadrat is used to sample plants and animals that don’t move. It is a metal/plastic square of varying different sizes

Question 32

What may a source or error be when using a quadrat?

Answer 32

-Non random sampling -Sample size to small

Question 33

How can you minimise the room for error when using a quadrat?

Answer 33

-Throw the quadrat at random -Throw many quadrats -Use a transect line

Question 34

What is a transect line?

Answer 34

A transect is a line across or part of a habitat. It can be as simple as a string or rope placed in a line on the ground It allows that number of organisms of each species to be observed and recorded at regular intervals along the transect

Question 35

What effects can biotic and abiotic factors have on biodiversity and the distribution of organisms?

Answer 35

Both biotic and abiotic factors can increase or decrease biodiversity in an area and affect the distribution of organisms

Question 36

What is an indicator species?

Answer 36

An indicator species by their presence or absence with give an indication of the quality/ levels of pollution in the area