DIT rapid fire facts

Question 1

boy with self mutilating behavior, intellectual disability, gout

Answer 1

Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

Question 2

orotic acid in urine + elevates serum ammonia

Answer 2

Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency

Question 3

orotic acid in urine + nml serum ammonia

Answer 3

Orotic Aciduria

Question 4

megaloblastic anemia that does not improve with folate & B12

Answer 4

Orotic Aciduria

Question 5

bluish colored lines on gingivae

Answer 5

burtons lines (lead lines)

Question 6

treatment of choice for Rickets or Osteomalacia

Answer 6

vitamin D

Question 7

swollen gums, poor wound healing, bleeding mucus membranes, spots on skin

Answer 7

Scurvy

vitamin C deficiency

Question 8

most common vitamin deficiency in US

Answer 8

folate deficiency

Question 9

hypersegmented neutrophils

Answer 9

Megaloblastic Anemia

Question 10

dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy

Answer 10

Wet Beriberi 
(B1 / Thiamine deficiency)

Question 11

most common cause of neural tube defects

Answer 11

folate deficiency

Question 12

most common preventable cause of congenital malformations in US

Answer 12

alcohol use during pregnancy

Question 13

hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation

Answer 13

Marfan Syndrome

fibrillin

Question 14

hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 14

Alport Syndrome 
(type IV collagen)

Question 15

chronic sinusitis, infertility, situs inversus

Answer 15

Kartagener Syndrome

Question 16

elevated D-dimer

Answer 16

PE, DVT (clot)

Question 17

hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, stasis of blood

Answer 17

Virchow’s Triad

Question 18

blue bloater

Answer 18

Chronic Bronchitis (COPD)
- hypoxemia & hypercapnia

Question 19

pink puffer

Answer 19

Emphysema (COPD)

- dyspnea & hyperventilation

Question 20

curshmann spirals

Answer 20

mucus plugs in Asthma

Question 21

bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitits

Answer 21

Sarcoidosis

Question 22

vasculitis, glomerulonephritis

Answer 22

Goodpasture

Wegener (granulomatosis with polyangiits)

Question 23

anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

Answer 23

Goodpasture

Question 24

honeycomb lung on XR

Answer 24

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Question 25

"tennis racket" shaped cytoplasmic granules

Answer 25

Birbeck granules (Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis)

Question 26

iron containing nodules in alveolar septum

Answer 26

ferruginous bodies (Asbestosis)

Question 27

lung CA with SIADH

Answer 27

small cell carcinoma of lung

Question 28

tumor associated with Horner Syndrome

Answer 28

Pancoast Tumor

Question 29

lung CA associated with hypercalcemia

Answer 29

squamous cell carcinoma of lung

Question 30

lung CA associate with weakness

Answer 30

small cell carcinoma of lung | Lambert Eaton paraneoplastic syndrome

Question 31

substances associated with lung cancer

Answer 31

smoking radon asbestos silica

Question 32

inability to breastfeed, amenorrhea, cold intolerance

Answer 32

Sheehan Syndrome

Question 33

infertility, galactorrhea, bitemporal hemianopsia

Answer 33

Prolactinoma

Question 34

most common causes of Cushing Syndrome

Answer 34

iatrogenic ACTH pituitary adenoma ACTH ectopic production cortisol secreting adrenal tumor

Question 35

most common tumor of adrenal

Answer 35

benign, nonfunctioning adrenal adenoma

Question 36

most common tumor of adrenal medulla in adults

Answer 36

Pheochromocytoma

Question 37

most common tumor of adrenal medulla in children

Answer 37

Neuroblastoma

Question 38

most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism

Answer 38

Adrenal Adenoma

Question 39

medical treatment for hyperaldosteronism

Answer 39

Spironolactone, Eplerenone

Question 40

medical treatment for pheochromocytoma

Answer 40

nonselective a-blocker first (phenoxybenzamine) | then B-blocker

Question 41

pheochromocytoma medullary thyroid CA hyperparathyroid

Answer 41

MEN2A

Question 42

pheochromocytoma medullary thyroid CA mucosal neuromas

Answer 42

MEN2B

Question 43

adrenal disease associated with skin hyperpigmentation

Answer 43

Addison Disease

Question 44

HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

Answer 44

Hyperaldosteronism (Conn Syndrome)

Question 45

most common thyroid cancer

Answer 45

Papillary Thyroid CA

Question 46

cold intolerance

Answer 46

hypothyroidism

Question 47

enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

Answer 47

Papillary Thyroid CA

Question 48

standard trx for DKA

Answer 48

IV fluids IV insulin K+

Question 49

standart trx for type I DM

Answer 49

insulin

Question 50

standard trx for type II DM

Answer 50

low carb diet, weight loss oral hypoglycemic drugs insulin

Question 51

most common cause of hypercalcemia

Answer 51

primary hyperparathyroidism

Question 52

most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 52

Parathyroid Adenoma

Question 53

most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 53

chronic renal failure

Question 54

facial spasm with tapping of cheek

Answer 54

Chvostek sign

Question 55

parathyroid, pancreatic & pituitary tumors

Answer 55

MEN1

Question 56

main artery of pelvis

Answer 56

internal iliac artery

Question 57

main nerve of pelvis

Answer 57

pudendal nerve

Question 58

"bag of worms" scrotum

Answer 58

varicocele

Question 59

most common CA in men

Answer 59

prostate CA

Question 60

most common cause of urinary obstruction in men

Answer 60

BPH

Question 61

most common treatment of erectile dysfunction

Answer 61

sildenafil (PDE5 inhibitor)

Question 62

hepatic adenoma

Answer 62

OCP use

Question 63

"grape like" vaginal tumor

Answer 63

sarcoma botyroides

Question 64

koilocytes

Answer 64

HPV infection

Question 65

most common benign tumor in women

Answer 65

leiomyoma

Question 66

"chocolate cyst" of ovary

Answer 66

endometrioma (endometriosis of ovary)

Question 67

"powder burn" lesion

Answer 67

endometriosis

Question 68

most common cause of infertility in women

Answer 68

PCOS

Question 69

midcyclic pelvic pain associated with ovulation

Answer 69

mittelschmertz

Question 70

ovarian tumor + ascities + hydrothorax

Answer 70

Meigs Syndrome

Question 71

teratoma --> hyperthyroidism

Answer 71

Struma Ovarii

Question 72

"snowstorm" appearance on US

Answer 72

Hydatidiform Mole

Question 73

most common genetic cause of intellectual disability

Answer 73

Down Syndrome

Question 74

second most common genetic cause of intellectual disability

Answer 74

Fragile X Syndrome

Question 75

horseshoe kidney, congenital heart defects, streak ovaries, cystic hygroma

Answer 75

Turner Syndrome

Question 76

rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, microcephaly with prominent occiput and small jaw

Answer 76

Trisomy 18 - Edward's

Question 77

most common CA in women in US

Answer 77

breast CA

Question 78

most common benign breast tumor

Answer 78

fibroadenoma

Question 79

blue dome cyst in breast

Answer 79

fibrocystic change

Question 80

most common malignant breast tumor

Answer 80

invasive ductal carcinoma

Question 81

trx for ER(+) breast CA

Answer 81

tamoxifen

Question 82

red, itchy, swollen rash on areola and nipple

Answer 82

Paget disease of nipple

Question 83

Iron deficiency anemia Esophageal web Beefy-red tongue (atrophic glossitis)

Answer 83

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome