Diuretics

Question 1

what are Diuretics used for

Answer 1

Treat HTN and Mobilize edematous fluid to prevent renal fail, also high altitude sickness

Question 2

3 functions of Diuretic

Answer 2

Maintain acid-base balance, Excrete metabolic waste and foriegn substance, Cleanse ECF and maintain ECF Vol.

Question 3

how do diuretics work

Answer 3

prevent reabsorbtion of Na and Chloride

Question 4

Acetazolaminde used to treat

Answer 4

Glaucoma, edema, high altitude sickness

Question 5

Acetazolamide side effects that can be good

Answer 5

induce metabolic acidosis=seizure prevention also induces respiratory acidosis=increased O2 during hypoxia

Question 6

Acetazolamide: side effects

Answer 6

elevate blood glucose, drowsy, anorexia, photosensitivity, itching, melena, hematuria

Question 7

Acetazolamide more or less potent than loop and thiazide diuretic?

Answer 7

Less

Question 8

Acetazolamide can cause an decrease in what?

Answer 8

Potassium

Question 9

Acetazolamide toxic with what drug

Answer 9

digitalis

Question 10

name 2 loop diuretics

Answer 10

Furosemide and Bumetanide

Question 11

5 Major effects of Loop Diuretic

Answer 11

lower BP, Reduce Pulmonary vascular resistance, reduce central venous pressure, reduce left ventricular end-diastolic pressure

Question 12

Loop Diurets cause a major loss of

Answer 12

electrolytes (Na & K+) also some CA+ and Chloride

Question 13

Loop Diuretics treat :

Answer 13

Pulmonary edema, also edema assoc. w/ liver and renal disease. control HTN, inc. secretion of Ca

Question 14

Loop Diuretics Adverse effects:

Answer 14

HoNatremia, HoChloremia, Dehydration, excessive weight loss

Question 15

Can Loop Diuretics be used with low GFR?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

what are the effects of Dehydration w/ loop diuretics

Answer 16

thrombosis, embolism: symptoms=pain in chest, calves, or pelvis

Question 17

Furosemide is reserved for:

Answer 17

rapid or massive mobilization of fluid. pulmonary edema and ascites

Question 18

Furosemide adverse effects

Answer 18

Ototoxicity, HoKalemia, Electrolyte loss

Question 19

With Loop Diurectics watch out for what allergy

Answer 19

Sulfa

Question 20

Nursing Implications for Diuretics: monitor for

Answer 20

Monitor I&O, K+, weight, vitals, hearing loss (1-24hr)

Question 21

Nursing Implications for Diuretics: teach

Answer 21

medicate early in day=decrease nocturia, report hearing loss or signs of gout

Question 22

Osmotic diuretic

Answer 22

Mannitol

Question 23

Mannitol produces

Answer 23

rapid diureses

Question 24

How does Mannitol work on kidney

Answer 24

induce vasodilation which increase GFR and renal plasma flow=preven kidney damage

Question 25

Mannitol treats

Answer 25

intracranial and intraocular pressure

Question 26

What happens to manitol at low levels

Answer 26

crystalize

Question 27

how to administer Mannitol

Answer 27

Parenterally through IV fliter

Question 28

SE of Mannitol

Answer 28

Convulsions, thrombophlebitis, & pulmonary congestion

Question 29

Sprinalactone and triamterene are what type of Diuretic

Answer 29

Potassuim- Sparing

Question 30

Sprinalactone and Triamteren are given for

Answer 30

Edema, HTN, HF, ascites

Question 31

Sprinalctone: the ugly

Answer 31

Gynecomastia, amenorrhea, hyperkalemia

Question 32

Triamterene adverse effects

Answer 32

reduce folic acid and cause kidney stone, leg cramps

Question 33

Interactions with potassium sparing diuretic

Answer 33

Ace-inhibitor, K+ supplement=hyperkalemia. lithium=lithium toxicity NSAIDS=decreases blood flow to kidney=diminished response

Question 34

spironolactone monitor for

Answer 34

I&O, K+ and Na+, cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 35

Spironolactone Teach pt.

Answer 35

restrict K+ food, take meds w/or after meal for GI upset, notify DR. of menstral irregularities and gynecomastia and impotence

Question 36

Hydrochlorothiazide-what do they do?

Answer 36

Increase output of Na+, K+, H2O Also elevate glucose and uric acid

Question 37

Are Thiazides More or less effective than loop diuretic

Answer 37

less

Question 38

Thiazides are used w/ what drug to conteract adverse metabolic effects

Answer 38

Potassium sparing Diuretic

Question 39

Thiazide AE:

Answer 39

HoNatremia, HoChloremia, HoKalemia, Dehydration

Question 40

Thiazide drug interaction

Answer 40

Digoxin=slow HR&increase Hrt squeeze also HoKalemia, NSAIDS=decreased diuretic activity, Lithium =accumulation of lithium

Question 41

Thiazide identify high risk pt.

Answer 41

Digoxin, Lithium, ant-HTN drugs, CVD, renal impairment, Diabetes, Hx of gout