Diuretics Flashcards
(25 cards)
How do Diuretics work?
They produce urine ( Make kidneys excrete Na and H20 follows Na)
How do loop diuretics work?
work on loop of Henle
Block reabsorption of Na and Cl
How do Thiazide diuretics work?
work on the early distal convoluted tubule
block reabsorption of Na and Cl
not as strong as loop
How do Potassium sparing diuretics work?
Produce a modest increase in urine production
DECREASE in Potassium excretion
How do nurses counteract potassium loss associated with Loop and Thiazide diuretics?
give a potassium sparing diuretic.
How do osmotic diuretics work?
Filtered by the glomerulus, however it undergoes minimal reabsorption and stays inside the lumen of the nephron. That way passive reabsorption of water is inhibited and water moves toward the drug to be excreted.
Hypomagnesia will occur with which type of diuretic?
Loop Diuretic
Hyperkalemia will occur with which type of diuretic?
Potassium sparing diuretics
Which diuretic will cause edema?
Osmotic diuretics
What electrolyte changes occur with loop and Thiazide diuretics?
HYPOkalemia HYPOchloremia HYPOnatremia→ dehydration HYPERuricemia HYPERglycemia
The patient is taking Spironolactone. The physician prescribes lisinopril for HTN. What should the nurse do?
Hold the Med. Adding a potassium sparing diuretic with an ACE inhibitor can cause Hyperkalemia.
What do you watch out for with furosemide?
furosemide-induced ototoxicity (pushing drug too fast could result in Tinnitus and hearing loss)
CANNOT MIX WITH AMINOGLYCOSIDEs -can cause permanent hearing loss.
e.g. Gentamycin (aminoglycoside)
name some potassium rich foods
I. Dried fruits II. Nuts III. Spinach IV. Potatoes (this has LARGE amounts of K) V. Bananas
The patient is taking Spironolactone, can they eat dried fruits and a banana?
NOPE. Hyperkalemia
The patient is taking Furosemide, can they eat spinach, nuts, or potatoes?
YES loop and Thiazide diuretics will deplete K.
It’s nearing 6Pm and the nurse is late on meds. Should the nurse go ahead and administer the diuretic?
Not the best time to do so, nocturia will occur
A patient comes in with a head injury and ICP. Which diuretic would the nurse administer?
a. Furosemide
b. Spironolactone
c. Mannitol
c. Mannitol
Mannitol relieves ICP draws fluid from brain into blood
What are the indications for diuretics?
Hypertension
Edema (HF, cirrhosis, kidney disease)
adverse effects of diuretics?
- Dehydration
- Electrolyte imbalances
- Muscle cramping
The patient is diagnosed with HTN but they are not getting enough blood to their kidney. Which diuretic would be the best choice?
a. Furosemide
b. Spironolactone
c. Mannitol
a. Furosemide
works even if GFR is low, most powerful diuretic
Your patient has gout and HTN. Which diuretic should you avoid?
a. Furosemide
b. Spironolactone
c. Mannitol
d. HCTZ diuretic
d. HCTZ diuretic, it increases calcium levels, glucose, uric acid
Your patient is taking a beta blocker that masks hypoglycemia. Would it be safe to administer the beta blocker with a thiazide diuretic?
Yes, Thiazide diuretics would increase blood sugar, but check sugar of patient first.
Your patient has Osteoperosis and HTN. Which diuretic would you expect the physician to prescribe?
a. Furosemide
b. Spironolactone
c. Mannitol
d. HCTZ diuretic
d. HCTZ diuretic, can increase calcium levels
adverse effects of Spironolactone?
- Hyperkalemia
- Gynecomastia
- Menstrual irregularities
- Impotence
