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Pharm Chapter Exam 2 materials > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

What are some common reasons for diuretics?

A

HF, Renal Disorders

Lower BP due to lowering fluids

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2
Q

What types of diuretics do we have to know?

A

Thiazides, Loop, Potassium Sparing.

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3
Q

What drug is classified as Thiazide Diuretic?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

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4
Q

What is the MOA of Hydrochlorothiazide?

A

Acts on renal distal tubules

NA, K, and H20 excretion

Decreases preload and cardiac output

Dilates arterioles

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5
Q

What is Hydrochlorothiazide used for?

A

Increase urine output

HTN (important and main reason)

Edema

HF

Nephrotic syndrome

Ascites

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6
Q

What are the side effects of Hydrochlorothiazide?

A

Dizziness, headache, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia, hypomagnesemia, muscle cramps

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7
Q

What are the four H’s of Hydrochlorothiazide?

A

Hyperglycemia

Hyperuricemia

Hypercalcemia

Hypomagnesemia

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8
Q

What are the ASE of Hydrochlorothiazide?

A

Orthostatic hypotension

Hyponatremia

Gout

Hypokalemia

Steven Johnson’s Syndrome

Aplastic Anemia

Hemolytic Anemia

Thrombocytopenia

Agranulocytosis

Hyperglycemia

Renal Failure

Photosensitivity

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9
Q

What are the contraindications of Hydrochlorothiazide?

A

Renal Failure

Hypersensitivity

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10
Q

What drug interaction should the nurse be aware of with Hydrochlorothiazide?

A

Digoxin. Can cause increase risk of digoxin toxicity if hypokalemia occurs.

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11
Q

What lab values should a nurse be monitoring for a patient on Hydrochlorothiazide?

A

Creatine Clearance values of less than 30mL/min. Suggest renal failure.

Increased levels of uric acid

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12
Q

What should a nurse teach to a patient on Hydrochlorothiazide?

A

Take Hydrochlorothiazide in the morning

slow positional changes

Eat potassium rich diet

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13
Q

What should be monitored for Hydrochlorothiazide?

A

BP, edema, ASE, electrolytes, glucose, uric acid, daily weights, urine output

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14
Q

What drug is classified as Loop Diuretic?

A

Furosemide

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15
Q

What is the MOA of Furosemide?

A

Inhibits reabsorption of NaCL in the loop of Henle and proximal tubule of the nephron in the kidneys. Causes water and NaCl to be excreted into the bladder and released as urine.

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16
Q

What is Furosemide used for?

A

Acute HF, CHF, renal dysfunction, HTN, nephrotic syndrome, and acute pulmonary edema

17
Q

What are ASE of Furosemide?

A

Dehydration, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypocalcemia, hypotension, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, ototoxicity (damage to ear nerves), hyperglycemia, increased LDL, decreased HDL, renal failure, stevens johnson syndrome

18
Q

What are the side effects of Furosemide?

A

Headache, Muscle cramps, dizziness, weakness

19
Q

What are the administration instructions of Furosemide?

A

Daily weights

If Potassium is below 3.5, monitor EKG

Take Furosemide in the morning to prevent nocturia

Monitor BP

Monitor I and O

20
Q

Patient on furosemide appears to be hypotensive. What should be done?

A

Hold the furosemide.

21
Q

What are the 6 H’s of ASE of Furosemide?

A 
Hyponatremia
Hypochloremia 
Hypocalcemia
Hypotension
Hypokalemia 
Hypomagnesemia
22
Q

What drug is classified as Potassium Sparing Diuretics’?

A

Spironolactone

23
Q

What is the MOA of Spironolactone?

A

Aldosterone antagonist and antihypertensive effects.

competitive binding of receptors of aldosterone-dependent Na-K exchange site in the distal tubules results in:

Increased excretion of Na, CL, and water.

Retention of K and H+

24
Q

What is Spironolactone used for?

A

HF, HTN, or Hypokalemia

25
Q

What are the ASE of Spironolactone ?

A

GI bleeding, Decreased libido, Breast and nipple pain, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypovolemia, Steven-Johnsons syndrome, postmenopausal bleeding.

26
Q

What side effects of Spironolactone should be looked for?

A

N/V, dizziness, headache, muscle cramps

27
Q

What is the administration instructions for Spironolactone ?

A

PO taken with or without food.

28
Q

What are the contraindications for Spironolactone ?

A

Hypersensitivity and Addison’s

29
Q

What should be taught to a patient with Spironolactone ?

A

Take Spironolactone in the morning

Avoid potassium that contain salt substitutes

Take potassium supplements

30
Q

What is Mannitol?

A

Mannitol = Osmotic Diuretic.

31
Q

What is the action of Mannitol and what is it used for?

A

Increases osmolality and sodium reabsorption

32
Q

What ASE of Mannitol should be monitored for?

A

Major fluid and electrolyte shifts

Acidosis

Tachycardia

33
Q

What is Acetazolamide?

A

Acetazolamide = Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

34
Q

What is the action of Acetazolamide and what is it used for?

A

Blocks action of enzyme carbonic anhydrase.

Used to increase sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate excretion.

35
Q

What ASE of Acetazolamide should be monitored for?

A

Acidosis

Hemolytic anemia

Confusion

Orthostatic Hypotension

Pharm Chapter Exam 2 materials (6 decks)

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