Diuretics MC

Question 1

Classification of Diuretics (5)

Answer 1

1. Osmotic diuretics
2. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
3. Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics
4. Loop diuretics (high-ceiling diuretics)
5. Potassium-sparing diuretics

Question 2

Diuretics site of action (4)

Answer 2

1. Proximal Convoluted Tubule
2. Thin Ascending Loop of Henle
3. Distal Convoluted Tubule
4. Collecting Duct

Question 3

Osmotic Diuretics

• are ___ _______ ______ compounds that are _____ filtered through the ______ ______ into the _____ ______ and are poorly reabsorbed
• ___ _______ metabolized. Eliminated in urine as _______
• Increase the ________ _______ ________ and thereby resulting in diuresis
• _______ the volume of urine and the excretion of _____ and almost all of the _______

Answer 3

• low molecular weight; freely, Bowman’s capsule, renal tubules
• Not extensively; unchanged
• intraluminal osmotic pressure
• increase; water, electrolytes

Question 4

Osmotic Diuretics
are ________, _________ derivatives, sugars

Examples (3)

Answer 4

carbohydrates, carbohydrate

1. Mannitol
2. Sorbitol
3. Isosorbide

Question 5

Osmotic Diuretics - Mannitol

• Commonly used as an osmotic diuretic but is not commonly used for ________
• primarily used to decrease _________ ________ and ______ ________
• ____ oral absorption

Answer 5

• diuresis
• intracranial pressure and cerebral edema
• Poor, 20
• IV
• metabolized, parent compound

Question 6

Osmotic Diuretics - ______________

• similar to Mannitol

Answer 6

Sorbitol

Question 7

Osmotic Diuretics - Isosorbide

• Used orally with bioavailability > __%
• Causes a _______ in _______ pressure in _______ cases (has _______ properties)

Answer 7

• 80

- reduction, intraocular, glaucoma (ophthalmic)

Question 8

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
inhibits ___________ _________, the enzyme responsible for converting ___ and ___ to H2CO3 (and vice versa), which leads to:

• Reduced ___ __________ –> ________ water reabsorption
• Lesser exchange of _______ ions for _____ ions

Answer 8

• carbonic anhydrase; CO2 + H2O
• Na+ reabsorption; reduced
• hydrogen, sodium

Question 9

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Examples (2)

Adverse effects: May produce _________ _______

Answer 9

1. Acetazolamide (Diamox)
2. Methazolamide

systemic acidosis

Question 10

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

MOA: \_\_\_\_; attacks CA in the \_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_
Absorption:
T1/2:
Duration:
Excreted \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: \_\_\_\_\_ (major)
Used in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 10

MOA: CAI;  kidney and eye
Oral Abs: >90 %
t1/2: 6-9 h 
Duration: 8-12 h
unchanged: Urine
glaucoma

Question 11

Methazolamide

More ________ and greater penetration into the ocular fluid than ___________

• Used in ________
• t1/2:
• Duration:

Answer 11

lipophilic; acetazolamide

• Used in ________
• ~14 h
• 10-18 h (due to lipophilicity)

Question 12

Name this figure and diuretic classification:

Answer 12

Mannitol

Question 13

Name this figure and diuretic classification:

Answer 13

Sorbitol

Question 14

Name this figure and diuretic classification:

Answer 14

Isosorbide

Question 15

Name this figure and diuretic classification:

Answer 15

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

Question 16

Name this figure and diuretic classification:

Answer 16

Methazolamide

Question 17

Thiazide and Thiazide-like Diuretics

• Site of action:
• Inhibit reabsorption of ___ and ___ ions (aka ________)

Answer 17

• Distal convoluted tubule

- Na+ and Cl-; saluretics

Question 18

Thiazide and Thiazide-like Diuretics
SAR:
- ______ acidic
- __________ is the simplest member of this series
- Forms a _____-soluble _____ ____ because of acidic protons
- Salts are used for _________ administration

Answer 18

• Weakly
• Chlorothiazide
• water-; sodium salt
• intravenous

Question 19

Thiazide and Thiazide-like Diuretics

Answer 19

-