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5th Time I've made a new class > DIVE > Flashcards

DIVE Flashcards

1
Q

which type of decompression sickness involves the skin, lymphatic, muscles and joints and is not life threatening?

A

type I

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2
Q

symptoms of DCS type I

A

symptoms are outside thorax
pain is dull and unable to pinpoint
marbled bright red, purple or blueish skin called CUTIS MARMORATA

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3
Q

Treatment of DCS type I

A

complete neuro exam to rule out AGE or DCS type II
100% surface oxygen via nrb
transport to recompression chamber

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4
Q

what type of DCS is serious and possibly life threatening illness that is divided into three categories of neurological, inner ear and cardio pulmonary

A

type II

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5
Q

what is the neurological aspect of dcs type II

A

results from bubble formation within the brain and spine
- numbness
- parestheisa
- muscle weakness
- mental status change
- impaired urinary function

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6
Q

what is the inner ear aspect of dcs type II

A

results from bubble formation in the endolymph/perilymph fluid in the vestibular canal and or cochlea (STAGGERS)
- tinnitus
- hearing loss
- vertigo
- dizziness
- nausea/vomitting

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7
Q

what is the cardiopulmonary DCS type II

A

bubbling within the pulmonary vascular may result in circulatory collapse (CHOKES)

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8
Q

what is the inner ear aspect of dcs type II

A

results from bubble formation in the endolymph/perilymph fluid in the vestibular canal and or cochlea (staggers)
- tinnitus
- hearing loss
- vertigo
- dizziness
- nausea/vomiting

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9
Q

what states that a constant temperature, a gases pressure is inversely proportional to volume

A

boyles law

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10
Q

what is gross neurological deficits that occur rapidly within 10 minutes of injury or surfacing from a dive. Such as unconciousness, numbness, weakness, behavioral changes?

A

Arterial gas embolism

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11
Q

what is the treatment for arterial gas embolism

A

basic first aid
100% oxygen
immediate re-compression in hyperbaric chamber

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12
Q

what is mild to moderate pain under the breast bone that radiates to the shoulder or back and has feeling of fullness around the neck, difficulty swallowing or may have crepitis near the trachea

A

mediastinal/subcutaneous emphysema - occurs when gas is forced through damaged lung tissue into the loose mediastinal tissues

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13
Q

what is the treatment for mediastinal/subcutaneous emphysema

A

full neuro exam
cardio/lung exam
100% oxygen
SHALLOW RECOMPRESSION TO 5-10 FSW MAY BE WARRANTED UNTIL SYMPTOMS RESOLVE.

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14
Q

what is sudden, sharp chest pain with shortness of breath, labored breathing, rapid heart rate, weak pulse and anxiety?

A

pneumothorax

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15
Q

what is the treatment for a pneumothorax

A

heart/lung exam
100% o2
needle-D
chest tube if warranted

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16
Q

what are the types of barotrauma

A

ear squeezes
sinus squeeze
tooth squeeze

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17
Q

what is sharp pain in the ear while diver descends, vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, n/v, or rupture of the TM called

A

ear squeeze barotrauma

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18
Q

what is the treatment for ear squeeze barotrauma

A

HEENT exam
Decongestants
pain medication - do not administer medication in the ear if there is a ruptured ear drm

19
Q

what is the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning

A

headache
dizziness
confusion
nausea
vomiting
tightness around the forehead (BAND AROUND THE FOREHEAD)

20
Q

what is the treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning

A

get diver to fresh air
100% surface oxygen
transport to hyperbaric chamber or MTF

20
Q

what is the definitive treatment of choice for carbon monoxide posioning

A

hyperbaric therapy

21
Q

what is the half life of carbon monoxide

A

300 minutes on air
90 minutes on 100% o2
30 minutes in ATA hyperbaric chamber

22
Q

the affinity of carbon monoxide for hemoglobin is ____ times that of oxygen

A

210

23
Q

what is an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the blood and body tissue

A

hypercapnia

24
Q

what are the symptoms of hypercapnia

A

increased RR
SOB
confusion or eurphoria
inability to concentrate
drowsiness
headache
loss of consciousness
convulsion

25
Q

what is the treatment for hypercapnia

A

decrease level of exertion
increase helmet and lung ventilation
shift to alternate breathing source or abort dive if defective equipment is the cause

26
Q

what is defined by tunnel vision, tinnitus, twitching of the eyes or facial muscles, irritability, dizziness, convulsions

A

CNS oxygen toxicity

VENTIDC

27
Q

what is the treatment for CNS oxygen toxicity

A

immediate shift to a breathing mix with lower oxygen

immediate ascend

in recompression chamber, remove oxygen mask and follow emergency procedures

28
Q

what is defined by burning sensation during inspiration, pain during inspiration, cough and decreased pulmonary function

A

pulmonary oxygen toxicity

29
Q

what is the treatment for pulmonary oxygen toxicity

A

remove from o2 if patient cant continue
consult DMO to modify treatment, increase air time of air breaks in between oxygen periods

30
Q

what is the biggest risk of shallow water black out

A

subsequent drowning

31
Q

what is defined by unconciousness close to the surface or subsurface, hypoxia, subsequent drowning, cardiac/resp arrest

A

shallow water black out

32
Q

what is the treatment for shallow water black out

A

in water: ventilation only, open airway, check breathing, provide 5 rescue breaths
- do not attempt compressions in water
- rule out cardiac arrest once on boat/shore
- pulseless? start CPR utilizing ABC’s
- transport to the nearest ER

33
Q

what is defined by dull to sharp substernal chest pain after immersion in cold water or exertion while swimming, hemoptysis (coughing up blood), shortness of breath, or frothy sputum

A

swimming induced pulmonary edema

34
Q

what is the treatment for swiming induced pulmonary edema

A

remove patient from cold/wet enviroment
supplemental oxygen
complete heart and lung exam
EKG
xray in 24 hours

35
Q

what is an increased partial pressure of oxygen above that encountered in normal daily living may be toxic to the body

A

cns oxygen toxicity

36
Q

what is pulmonary oxygen toxicity sometimes also called

A

low pressure oxygen poisoning

37
Q

___ hour exposure to a partial pressure of 1 ata (sea level) will produce mild symptoms and measurable decreases in lung function

A

12 hour

38
Q

during ascent the PPO2 ____ and _____ risk of hypoxia and unconciousness

A

PPO2 decreases and increases the risk

39
Q

when conducting breath hold operations, oxygen PPO2 is ____ at depth

A

higher

40
Q

what interferes with the bloods ability to carry the oxygen required for the body to function normally

A

carbon monoxide

41
Q

what is it called when there is a one time escape of gas

A

simple pneumothorax

42
Q

what is it called when air continues to escape and collapses the lung which compromises cardiac function

A

tension pneumothorax

5th Time I've made a new class (5 decks)

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