Diversity aware exam

Question 1

What does the uncertainty principle, as proposed by Heisenberg, suggest about science?

Answer 1

There are important limits on science’s ability to measure and predict the behavior of physical objects

This principle highlights the inherent uncertainties in physical measurements.

Question 2

What is the butterfly effect in chaos theory?

Answer 2

A small action today can have an enormous effect

This concept illustrates how minor changes can lead to significant consequences.

Question 3

What is a paradigm in sociology?

Answer 3

A framework or model of the world

Paradigms help shape the way sociologists understand and study social phenomena.

Question 4

List the three main paradigms in sociology.

Answer 4

• Functionalist
• Conflict
• Symbolic Interactionist

Each paradigm offers a different perspective on social structures and interactions.

Question 5

Describe the functionalist perspective in sociology.

Answer 5

Society is a whole made up of integrated parts that seek stability and consensus on values and norms

Functionalists believe that changes in one part of society affect the whole.

Question 6

What does the conflict paradigm assert about society?

Answer 6

Society is made up of subgroups with conflicting values and goals, and conflict is normal

This perspective emphasizes competition for scarce resources.

Question 7

Explain the symbolic interactionist perspective.

Answer 7

Focuses on how people use symbols to make sense of their environments and construct their social worlds

This perspective highlights the subjective nature of social interactions.

Question 8

What are the two levels of sociology?

Answer 8

• Microsociology
• Macrosociology

Microsociology examines small group interactions, while macrosociology looks at broader social phenomena.

Question 9

What is sociological imagination?

Answer 9

The ability to understand the relationship between personal experiences and larger social forces

It allows individuals to see how their lives are shaped by historical and societal contexts.

Question 10

Differentiate between personal troubles and public issues.

Answer 10

• Personal troubles: private matters affecting the individual
• Public issues: societal matters that transcend individual experiences

Understanding this distinction is crucial for sociological analysis.

Question 11

What is feminist data visualization?

Answer 11

An approach that incorporates feminist perspectives in the design and interpretation of visual data

This methodology seeks to address biases and promote inclusivity in data representation.

Question 12

What is the principle of embracing pluralism in feminist data visualization?

Answer 12

Recognizing and accepting that there could be multiple subjective views rather than a single objective truth

This principle encourages diverse perspectives in data interpretation.

Question 13

What does the concept of ‘making labor visible’ entail in data visualization?

Answer 13

Starting with questions of data provenance and giving credit to individuals who collect and manage the data

This acknowledges the contributions of marginalized groups in data processes.

Question 14

Define ageism.

Answer 14

The complex, often negative construction of old age at individual and societal levels

Ageism can manifest in various forms of discrimination against older individuals.

Question 15

What is gentrification?

Answer 15

The process where incoming residents have higher social status than those already living in the neighborhood

Gentrification often leads to displacement of low-income residents and changes in community character.

Question 16

What are the four different types of ageism?

Answer 16

• Social Ageism
• Economic Ageism
• Spatial Ageism
• Institutional Ageism

Each type represents a different aspect of discrimination against older adults.

Question 17

What is the impact of gentrification on older residents?

Answer 17

Social exclusion, loss of social spaces, and reduced political influence in neighborhood planning

These effects can alienate older adults from their communities.

Question 18

What does the term ‘erasure’ mean in the context of ageism?

Answer 18

The extent of ageism operation within urban research and policy, where certain groups are ‘unseen’

This term critiques the lack of representation of older adults in urban planning.

Question 19

What is the significance of intersectionality in feminism?

Answer 19

It emphasizes that different dimensions, such as race and class, affect women’s experiences and struggles

Intersectionality helps create a more inclusive feminist movement.

Question 20

What is data feminism?

Answer 20

A way of thinking about data that is informed by direct experience and intersectional feminist thought

Data feminism seeks to challenge existing inequalities through data analysis.

Question 21

What is the sense of disconnection created by shop closures and upscale stores?

Answer 21

A feeling of exclusion among the working class

Participants felt that urban priorities were focused on working-age residents.

Question 22

How did older residents respond to urban change?

Answer 22

They maintained social networks and engaged in collective action to protect local amenities

This challenges views of older people as passive victims.

Question 23

What is spatial ageism?

Answer 23

The experience and management of ageing shaped by urban spatial dynamics.

Question 24

What are the challenges to age-friendly city policies?

Answer 24

Public spaces are often privately or corporately owned, limiting beneficial changes for older populations.

Question 25

Who owns large parts of UK cities according to Minton?

Answer 25

Multinational property corporations.

Question 26

What does Christophers (2018) describe as a modern form of 'enclosure'?

Answer 26

The privatization of public assets like parks and leisure centres.

Question 27

What did David Harvey argue about NYC under Mayor Bloomberg?

Answer 27

NYC was reshaped to favor developers and wealthy elites, contradicting the age-friendly vision.

Question 28

What broader urban shifts led to the exclusion of older people?

Answer 28

Luxury high-rises and looser housing regulations influenced by finance capital.

Question 29

What did Klinenberg document during the 1995 Chicago heat wave?

Answer 29

Neglect of isolated elderly men, leading to significant deaths among older adults.

Question 30

What is environmental ageism?

Answer 30

Failing to acknowledge how urban environmental changes disproportionately affect older adults.

Question 31

What are 'extreme cities' according to Dawson?

Answer 31

Urban areas increasingly precarious due to climate change-induced disasters.

Question 32

What was the impact of the 1995 Chicago heat wave on older adults?

Answer 32

Around 600 deaths, 75% of whom were 65+ years old.

Question 33

What were contributing urban factors during the Chicago heat wave?

Answer 33

* Broken infrastructure * Psychological toll from urban disorder * Weak social infrastructure * Erosion of trust and relationships.

Question 34

What did Ogg find in the 2003 French heat wave?

Answer 34

15,000 deaths, the majority being older people.

Question 35

What did Phillipson argue about post-2008 austerity policies?

Answer 35

They worsened inequalities and intensified ageism.

Question 36

What does urban capitalism do to older people?

Answer 36

Excludes them from economic development favoring young professionals.

Question 37

What is the perception of older adults in age-friendly policies?

Answer 37

They are often seen as passive or fragile rather than active contributors.

Question 38

What groups are often underrepresented in urban planning?

Answer 38

* Older adults from minority ethnic groups * LGBTQ+ communities * Migrants * Economically disadvantaged groups.

Question 39

What are the negative effects on older residents from urban changes?

Answer 39

* Displacement * Loss of social networks * Closure of community spaces * Reduced access to services.

Question 40

What is one way older people show resilience?

Answer 40

By maintaining social ties and organizing to defend their spaces.

Question 41

What should policies recognize about older people?

Answer 41

Diversity in ageing experiences, cultures, and inequalities.

Question 42

What is the role of older adults in city planning?

Answer 42

They should be engaged as active agents, not just consulted.

Question 43

What should age-friendly strategies promote?

Answer 43

* Environmental awareness * Intergenerational cooperation * Community empowerment.

Question 44

What is urban sensor data?

Answer 44

Information collected through physical devices located in or trained toward the city.

Question 45

What is participatory sensing?

Answer 45

Data collected and contributed by individuals.

Question 46

What is the issue with urban sensor data?

Answer 46

It can perpetuate racism or marginalize communities.

Question 47

What does the smart city aim to transform?

Answer 47

The standing reserve into public infrastructure.

Question 48

What is the concept of Hudson Yards?

Answer 48

A private development project aiming to become a 'smart district' or 'quantified community.'

Question 49

What is a key criticism of Hudson Yards?

Answer 49

Public participation is superficial or missing.

Question 50

What is the Bristol Approach?

Answer 50

A people-led approach combining community participation with expert support.

Question 51

What is the City Commons concept?

Answer 51

A shared framework for collecting, using, and managing urban data for the common good.

Question 52

What does the Dampbusters project aim to address?

Answer 52

The issue of dampness in homes.

Question 53

What is a significant impact of the Dampbusters project?

Answer 53

It connects with Bristol City Council to inform housing policy.

Question 54

What is the main goal of design justice?

Answer 54

To study how the design of things affects benefits and risks among different social groups.

Question 55

What does the matrix of domination include?

Answer 55

* White supremacy * Heteropatriarchy * Capitalism * Settler colonialism.

Question 56

What is a key principle of design justice?

Answer 56

Centering marginalized communities in the design process.

Question 57

What does the matrix of domination describe?

Answer 57

It describes how systems like race, class, and gender work together to shape power, privilege, and oppression.

Question 58

Who introduced the concept of intersectionality?

Answer 58

Kimberlé Crenshaw in 1989.

Question 59

List the four interlinked systems of oppression identified by Patricia Hill Collins.

Answer 59

* White supremacy * Heteropatriarchy * Capitalism * Settler colonialism

Question 60

What is the purpose of the Design Justice Principles?

Answer 60

To build a network of designers committed to challenging structural inequality in design.

Question 61

How do traditional design approaches often fail marginalized communities?

Answer 61

They use universalist or single-axis approaches, ignoring the complexities of intersecting identities.

Question 62

What impact does the matrix of domination have on design?

Answer 62

It helps us understand how design can distribute both benefits and harms.

Question 63

What does Design Justice emphasize regarding knowledge?

Answer 63

It emphasizes situated knowledge from people with lived experience of oppression.

Question 64

True or False: Design justice acknowledges that everyone has the ability to design.

Answer 64

True

Question 65

Fill in the blank: Design justice argues that _______ in paid design jobs isn’t enough.

Answer 65

equity

Question 66

What is a key principle in technology design emphasized by Design Justice?

Answer 66

Nothing About Us, Without Us.

Question 67

What does the phrase 'Nothing About Us, Without Us' mean?

Answer 67

Decisions affecting a community should not be made without their direct involvement.

Question 68

What are some examples of initiatives mentioned that empower marginalized groups in design?

Answer 68

* Trans*Hack * Make the Breast Pump Not Suck! * Contratados.org

Question 69

What is the difference between Values in Design (VID) and Design Justice?

Answer 69

VID encourages conscious value evaluation but is apolitical, while Design Justice centers an intersectional analysis to counter oppressive systems.

Question 70

What is a significant barrier to diversity in the tech workforce?

Answer 70

Structural inequalities such as unequal access to education.

Question 71

How does the design profession reflect systemic barriers?

Answer 71

It is dominated by white and Asian cisgender men, with marginalized groups underrepresented.

Question 72

What are some critical takeaways from the Design Justice framework?

Answer 72

* Shift from deficit-based to asset-based approaches * Value inclusive spaces led by marginalized groups * Involve workers in design processes

Question 73

What is the role of community accountability in design processes?

Answer 73

To ensure ongoing involvement and responsibility of affected communities.

Question 74

What does the Design Justice Network focus on?

Answer 74

Building power in marginalized neighborhoods through design.

Question 75

What is a common assumption made by design teams about 'default' users?

Answer 75

They often assume the user has multiple privileges, such as citizenship and broadband access.

Question 76

List some examples of how values are embedded in design.

Answer 76

* Assumptions about the 'default' user * Limited feedback from diverse users * Biased datasets in machine learning

Question 77

What is the significance of credit and attribution in design?

Answer 77

Innovations from social movements can be co-opted by mainstream industries, losing original goals.

Question 78

What is the focus of recent work from feminist scholars like Virginia Eubanks?

Answer 78

Challenging algorithmic bias.

Question 79

What is the purpose of the Design Justice Network?

Answer 79

To connect designers and community organizers for collaborative design efforts.