Diversity Of Life

Question 1

Basic unit of all living organisms?

Answer 1

The Cell

Question 2

3 domains?

Answer 2

Archea
Eubacteria
Eukaryota

Question 3

Archea

Answer 3

Discovered in the 1970’s
Salt water and heat loving microbes
Located in hydrothermal vents (oldest life from)
Live without oxygen 
Autotrophic (doesn’t need sunlight)

Question 4

Eubacteria

Answer 4

Includes prokaryotic cells
Bacteria
Cyanobacteria forming oxygen during photosynthesis
Increased oxygen levels on earth 2.3 billion years ago

Question 5

Eukaryotic

Answer 5

Includes eukaryotic cells 
Protists: pond water single called organisms 
Fungi: moulds and mushrooms
Plants
Animals

Question 6

What is classification?

Answer 6

Arrange into groups of categories

Question 7

Taxonomy?

Answer 7

Classifying and naming living organisms
Carl Linnaeus invented the taxonomy system
Called binomial nomenclature

Question 8

7 hierarchies

Answer 8

Kingdom
Phylum 
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 9

Kingdom Monera

Answer 9

Bacteria are prokaryotic cells
No nucleus
Oldest life form (3.5 bya)
Most unicellular 
Everywhere on earth
Aerobic: bacteria that needs O2
Anaerobic: bacteria that lives without O2
Bacteria have cell walls with peptidoglycan

Question 10

Good functions of bacteria

Answer 10

Decompose dead matter in ecosystems
E-Coli in small intestine, helping digest food that cannot be released as certain vitamins
Lactobacillus, bacteria that ingests lactose in milk

Question 11

Bad functions of Bacteria?

Answer 11

Cyanobacteria: causes damage and slime in waterways
Food poisoning: drinking contaminated water, salmonella eating raw chicken
Respiratory disease: tuberculosis and pneumonia

Question 12

STI’s

Answer 12

Chlamydia: pain, discharge, sterility
Gonorrhoea: burning sensation
Syphillis: fever, loss of hair, swollen glands

Question 13

Bacterial Reproduction

Asexual

Answer 13

One cell = 2 identical cells
Lack of genetic variability
Reproduction at incredible rates

Question 14

Bacterial Reproduction

Sexual

Answer 14

Bridge is formed between male and female allowing bacteria and genetic material to transfer
Called PILUS

Question 15

How to kill bacteria

Answer 15

Antibiotics kill bacteria, NOT viruses
Viruses are treated with anti- Retroviral drugs
Penicillin kills bacteria
Antibiotic resistant bacteria are very hard to treat making them very dangerous

Question 16

Kingdom Protista

Protists

Answer 16

Unicellular and eukaryotic
First eukaryotes were aquatic
Gave rise to other kingdoms; plants, animals, fungi

Question 17

Protists

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 17

Most primitive 
True nucleus
Have organelles 
Mostly unicellular 
Autotrophic or heterotrophic 
Asexual/sexual
Found in pond water

Question 18

Protists

Amoeba

Answer 18

Amoeba’s are ameeboids

Can cause amoebic dysentery: drinking contaminated water causes diarrhea, stomach cramps, vomiting

Question 19

Protists

Animal

Answer 19

Autotrophic

Chloroplasts and chlorophyll

Question 20

Protists

Fungi

Answer 20

Found in cool, dark, moist environments 
Unicellular 
Release spores 
Can damage skin
Others do nothing

Question 21

Dangerous protists

Answer 21

Plasmodium
Carried by mosquito vector
Causes malaria

Question 22

Malaria

Answer 22

Fever
Chills
Nausea
Sever cases coma or death 
No vaccine

Question 23

Movement of K. Protista

Answer 23

Cilia: small hairs
Flagella: large whip like structure
Pseudopodia: “false feet”, cytoplasmic streaming pull the cell forward

Question 24

Kingdom fungi

Characteristics of Fungi

Answer 24

Eukaryotic and multicellular 
Cell walls made of chitin
Heterotrophic 
Some parasitic 
Most saprobic
Some mutualistic
Absorb nutrients from digestive enzymes 
Cells are multi nucleate
No true roots
4 major phylums

Question 25

Phylum zygomycota

Answer 25

Release thousands of thick walled spores, enduring poor conditions When they find a home that they like, they grow

Question 26

Phylum Ascomycota

Answer 26

Largest phylum Mildews, yeasts, morels Use a sac like structure where spores develop

Question 27

Phylum Basidiomycota

Answer 27

Gills hold basidia and release basidiospore | 1 mushroom = 71 billion spores

Question 28

Phylum Deuteromycota

Answer 28

Reproduce asexually | Blue cheese, soya sauce, and penicillin are made from these fungi

Question 29

Fungi Disease

Answer 29

``` Ringworm Fungal nails Athletes foot Yeasts infection Treated with anti fungal medicines ```

Question 30

Double fertilization

Answer 30

Pollen + ovule = embryo (seed) | Fusion of second (1N sperm) + polar nuclei (2N) = endosperm