Diversity of Life: Introduction Flashcards
Taxa
Classification of an organism can be broken down into different catergories
Taxonomic rank
Most general at the top, most specific at the bottom
Flow of taxonomy from largest to smallest (specific)
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Obligate Aerobes
Need oxygen to survive
Obligate anaerobes
Cannot survive in presence of oxygen
Facultative anaerobe
Grows in presense of ocygen but can utilize anaerobic metabolism when oxygen is absent
Microbes
Make up the microbiome
Gram positive (+)
Purple stain
Thick peptidoglycan layer
Teichoic acids present
No outer membrane
Gram Negative (-)
Stain pink
Thin peptidoglycan layer
Contains outer membrane
Produce endotoxins when broken down
Endospores
Durable structures that help bacterium survive in extreme environmental conditions
What was the sign of early form of life
Anaerobic prokaryotes
Anaerobic prokaryotes
First types of living organisms to appear
Heterotrophs
Consumers of organic substances/food produced from autotrophs
Chemoheterotrophs
Use organic compounds as source of energy
Obtain carbon for metabolism through consuming organic materials
Photoheterotrophs
Use light for energy
Obtain carbon for metabolism through consuming organic materials
Decomposers
Consume the remains of organisms and non living organic material
Autotrophs
Producers of organic substances/food
Earliest autotrophic cells were anaerobic but capable of photosynthesis
What are anaerobic photosynthesizers
Cyanobacteria
Chemoautotrophs
Use inorganic chemicals in reactions for energy
Photoautotrophs
Use light for energy
Cell wall for plant
cellulose
cell wall for fungi
chitin
Eukarya domain characteristics
Eukaryotic cell type
linear chromosomes, DNA in nucleus
Organelles present
Archaea domain characteristics
Prokaryotic cell type
Circular DNA, DNA in nucleoid
May contain extrachromosomal DNA (plasmids)
No organelles, has ribosomes
