Diversity of Plants

Question 1

Anther

Answer 1

a sac-like structure at the tip of the stamen in which pollen grains are produced

Question 2

Anthophyta

Answer 2

the division to which angiosperms belong

Question 3

apical meristem

Answer 3

the growing point in a vascular plant at the tip of a shoot or root where cell division occurs

Question 4

basal angiosperms

Answer 4

a group of plants that probably branched off before the separation of monocots and eudicots

Question 5

calyx

Answer 5

the whorl of sepals

Question 6

carpel

Answer 6

the female reproductive part of a flower consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary

Question 7

club moss

Answer 7

the earliest group of seedless vascular plants

Question 8

Cone

Answer 8

the ovulate strobilus on gymnosperms that contains ovules

Question 9

Conifer

Answer 9

the dominant division of gymnosperms with the most variety of species

Question 10

Corolla

Answer 10

the collection of petals

Question 11

cotyledon

Answer 11

the one (monocot) or two (dicot) primitive leaves present in a seed

Question 12

cycad

Answer 12

a division of gymnosperms that grow in tropical climates and resemble palm trees

Question 13

dicot

Answer 13

a group of angiosperms whose embryos possess two cotyledons; also known as eudicot

Question 14

Diplontic

Answer 14

describes a life cycle in which the diploid stage is the dominant stage

Question 15

eudicots

Answer 15

a group of angiosperms whose embryos possess two cotyledons; also known as dicot

Question 16

Fern

Answer 16

a seedless vascular plant that produces large fronds; the most advanced group of seedless vascular plants

Question 17

Filament

Answer 17

the thin stalk that links the anther to the base of the flower

Question 18

gametangium

Answer 18

(plural: gametangia) the structure within which gametes are produced

Question 19

gametophyte

Answer 19

the haploid plant that produces gametes

Question 20

gingkophyte

Answer 20

a division of gymnosperm with one living species, the Gingko biloba, a tree with fan-shaped leaves

Question 21

gnetophyte

Answer 21

a division of gymnosperms with varied morphological features that produce vessel elements in their woody tissues

Question 22

gymnosperm

Answer 22

a seed plant with naked seeds (seeds exposed on modified leaves or in cones)

Question 23

gynoecium

Answer 23

the group of structures that constitute the female reproductive organ; also called the pistil

Question 24

haplodiplontic

Answer 24

describes a life cycle in which the haploid and diploid stages alternate; also known as an alternation of generations life cycle

Question 25

haplontic

Answer 25

describes a life cycle in which the haploid stage is the dominant stage

Question 26

herbaceous

Answer 26

a plant without woody tissue

Question 27

heterosporous

Answer 27

having two kinds of spores that give rise to male and female gametophytes

Question 28

homosporous

Answer 28

having one kind of spore that gives rise to gametophytes that give rise to both male and female gametes

Question 29

hornwort

Answer 29

a group of non-vascular plants in which stomata appear

Question 30

horsetail

Answer 30

a seedless vascular plant characterized by a jointed stem

Question 31

liverwort

Answer 31

the most primitive group of non-vascular plants

Question 32

megasporocyte

Answer 32

a megaspore mother cell; larger spore that germinates into a female gametophyte in a heterosporous plant

Question 33

microsporocyte

Answer 33

smaller spore that produces a male gametophyte in a heterosporous plant

Question 34

monocot

Answer 34

a related group of angiosperms that produce embryos with one cotyledon and pollen with a single ridge

Question 35

moss

Answer 35

a group of plants in which a primitive conductive system appears

Question 36

nonvascular plant

Answer 36

a plant that lacks vascular tissue formed of specialized cells for the transport of water and nutrients

Question 37

ovary

Answer 37

the chamber that contains and protects the ovule or female megasporangium

Question 38

petal

Answer 38

a modified leaf interior to the sepal; colorful petals attract animal pollinator

Question 39

phloem

Answer 39

the vascular tissue responsible for transport of sugars, proteins, and other solutes

Question 40

pistil

Answer 40

the group of structures that constitute the female reproductive organ; also called the carpel

Question 41

sepal

Answer 41

a modified leaf that encloses the bud; outermost structure of a flower

Question 42

sporangium

Answer 42

(plural: sporangia) the organ within which spores are produced

Question 43

sporophyll

Answer 43

a leaf modified structurally to bear sporangia

Question 44

sporophyte

Answer 44

the diploid plant that produces spores

Question 45

stamen

Answer 45

the group of structures that contain the male reproductive organs

Question 46

stigma

Answer 46

uppermost structure of the carpel where pollen is deposited

Question 47

strobili

Answer 47

cone-like structures that contain the sporangia

Question 48

style

Answer 48

the long thin structure that links the stigma to the ovary

Question 49

syngamy

Answer 49

the union of two gametes in fertilization

Question 50

vascular plant

Answer 50

a plant in which there is a network of cells that conduct water and solutes through the organism

Question 51

whisk fern

Answer 51

a seedless vascular plant that lost roots and leaves by evolutionary reduction

Question 52

xylem

Answer 52

the vascular tissue responsible for long-distance transport of water and nutrients

Question 53

What adaptions did plants evolve to live on land?

Answer 53

Adaptations include vascular tissues, roots, leaves, waxy cuticles, and a tough outer layer that protects the spores.

Question 54

Land plants are separated into...?

Answer 54

vascular and non-vascular

Question 55

What characteristics do vascular plants have?

Answer 55

both seedless and with seeds, apical meristems, and embryos with nutritional stores.

Question 56

What characteristics do non-vascular plants have?

Answer 56

alternation of generations, with the haploid plant called a gametophyte and the diploid plant called a sporophyte; formation of haploid spores in a sporangium; and formation of gametes in a gametangium.

Question 57

What is the dominant life cycle stage in a seedless plant?

Answer 57

The dominant stage of the life cycle is the gametophyte.

Question 58

How do seedless plants absorb water?

Answer 58

Through all surfaces

Question 59

What are the three main groups of seedless plants?

Answer 59

Liverwort, hornwort, and mosses (known as bryophytes)

Question 60

What two parts form the vascular system for plants?

Answer 60

Xylem and Phloem

Question 61

What are gymnosperms?

Answer 61

Gymnosperms are heterosporous seed plants that produce naked seeds.

Question 62

What four divisions do modern gymnosperms belong to?

Answer 62

The division Coniferophyta—the conifers—are the predominant woody plants at high altitudes and latitudes. Cycads resemble palm trees and grow in tropical climates. Gingko biloba is the only species of the division Gingkophyta. The last division, the Gnetophytes, is a diverse group of species that produce vessel elements in their wood.

Question 63

What are two adaptions to drought that seed plants developed?

Answer 63

Seeds and pollen

Question 64

What is the most dominant form of plant life?

Answer 64

Angiosperms (most crop and ornamental plants)

Question 65

Angiosperms have what two parts?

Answer 65

Flower and fruit

Question 66

What are the two main parts of a flower?

Answer 66

Petals and sepals (they protect the stamens and the carpels)

Question 67

Stamens produce?

Answer 67

pollen (male gametes)

Question 68

Carpels

Answer 68

eggs (female gametes)

Question 69

What is unique to angiosperms?

Answer 69

double fetilization

Question 70

What two main groups are flowering plants divided into?

Answer 70

the monocots and eudicots—according to the number of cotyledons in the seedlings.