Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Diversity Part 1 > Diversity Part 1 > Flashcards

Diversity Part 1 Flashcards

(89 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

the variety of life on Earth (~2 million species currently known to science
• product of millions of years of evolution as organisms adapt to changes in environment
• under threat from many human activities
• 3 levels:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 levels of biodiversity?

A

GENETIC DIVERSITY, SPECIES DIVERSITY, STRUCTURAL
DIVERSITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is genetic diversity?

A

One of 3 levels biodiversity
sum of all the different forms of genes present in a particular species allows populations to adapt to environmental changes
helps ensure the survival of a species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is species diversity?

A

1 of 3 biodiversity
the variety and abundance of species in a given area
• allows ecosystems to survive environmental changes (e.g. drought or disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is structural diversity?

A

1 of 3 biodiversity
the range of physical sizes and shapes within a habitat or ecosystem
• e.g. forest canopy, understorey, and herb layer
• the greater the structural diversity, the greater the biodiversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two importance of biodiversity?

A

For ecosystems
For humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Importance of biodiversity of the ecosystem

A
  • ecosystems with high biodiversity tend to be healthier and more resilient to changes in the environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Importance for biodiversity for humans

A

provides medicine and food
• allows for pollination of plants
• recycles nutrients (C, N, and O)
• cleans air and purifies water
• prevents floods and modifies climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

the science of naming, identifying, and classifying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is binomial clature?

A

developed in 1750s by Swedish botanist Carl
Linnaeus
• uses 2-part Latin or Greek name for every organism
•groups species according to their morphology
> the study of form and structure of organisms
• means organisms have the same name in every language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ex of nomenclature

A

Genus + species
Eg Ursus americanus -> black bear
Scientific name -> common name

both bears closely related since they have the same genus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What has capitals and italics?

A

Ursus horribilis italics , capital for genus
Genus Species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Classification of organisms

A

The grouping of items according to one or two attributes.
Taxonomy provides a hierarchical relationship map between a multitude of items, while classification simply groups items.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is modern taxonomy?

A

also uses evolutionary relatedness of organisms, or phylogeny the evolutionary development of a group of organisms illustrated by a “phylogenic tree” or “cladogram” common ancestry may be determined using fossils or DNA analysis
• now uses the “3-domain, 6-kingdom” system of classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 3 domains of system classification

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 8 levels of classification?

A

Domain.

Kingdom. Katy
Phylum. Perry
Class. Comes
Order. Over
Family. For
Genus. Grape
Species. Soda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 7 kingdoms

A

Eubacteria, Archaea bacteria, Protista, plantae, fungi, animalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Eubacteria?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Archaea bacteria?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Protista?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is fungi?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Animalia?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the dichotomous key?

A

tool used to identify organisms according to certain (usually visible) characteristics
• Greek for “to cut into two”
• gives descriptions/questions in pairs
• both choices are read and followed until identification is successful (assuming correct key is used)
• 2 typical formats:
1. SPIDER
2. NUMERICAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are prokaryotes?

A

smallest (2um long), independently living things
• no nucleus → prokaryotic
• contain a single, circular chromosome in “nuclear
region”
• no membrane-bound organelles
- cell wall present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How do prokaryotes reproduce?
reproduce sexually by conjugation or asexually by binary fission -
26
What kingdom is prokaryotes in?
used to be in 1 kingdom "Monera" but now in 2 kingdoms: KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA, KINGDOM EUBACTERIA
27
What is KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA?
• aka "ancient" bacteria that live in very harsh environments (that resemble Earth's early conditions) : cell walls do NOT contain peptidoglycan
28
What are the 3 major groups of Kingdom Archaebacteria?
Methanogen Thermophiles Halophiles
29
Methanogen
methane-producing organisms - 1 of 3 major groups of Kingdom Archaebacteria
30
Thermophiles
live in very hot environments - 1 of 3 major groups of Kingdom Archaebacteria
31
What are halophiles?
live in very salty water - 1 of 3 major groups of Kingdom Archaebacteria
32
What is Kingdom Eubacteria?
- aka "true bacteria" and cyanobacteria live nearly everywhere - cell walls DO contain peptidoglycan for shape and protection
33
What is ecoli ?
is a bacterium that normally lives in the intestines of humans and other animals. Under certain conditions, it may become pathogenic (disease causing and cause food poisoning, diarrhea, and kidney failure.
34
How many layers to help support this bacterium organisms?
3 layers Capsule(outer), cell wall, cell membrane
35
Study bacterium parts
Understanding
36
What does pious do in bacterium?
Reproduction
37
What does circular chromosome do in bacterium?
DNA for replication
38
What does plasmid do in bacterium?
DNA for transformation
39
What does the flagellum do in bacterium?
Locomotion
40
What is the shape of Coccus bacterium?
One circle ( single celled spherical)
41
What is the shape of diplococcus bacterium?
2 circles together (occur in spherical pairs)
42
What is the shape of tetrad bacterium?
4 spherical shapes (spherical group of 4 cocci)
43
What is the shape of sarcina celled bacterium?
Spherical Cubed like shaped
44
What is the shape of streptococci bacterium?
Spherical Chain like
45
What is the shape of staphylococci bacterium?
Spherical Grape like cluster
46
What is the shape of bacillus bacterium?
Single celled rod
47
What is the shape of diplobacilli bacterium?
Occur in pairs rod
48
What is the shape of streptobacilli bacterium?
Chain like rods
49
What is the shape of vibrios bacterium?
Curved (sperm liked) eg vibrio cholera
50
What is the shape of spirilla bacterium?
Curved squid like Eg: helicobacter pylori
51
What is the shape of spirochete bacterium?
Curved lined like Eg: treponema palladum
52
What is obligate aerobes?
Organisms that require oxygen for survival because they rely on aerobic respiration to produce energy without 02, they can’t grow or carry out essential metabolic processes.
53
What is obligate anaerobe?
Cannot survive in presence of oxygen( poisoned by oxygen) rely on anaerobic respiration or fermentation
54
What are saprobes?
These bacteria obtain energy by decomposing dead organic matter They play a vital role in nutrient recycling -used for treatment of sewage -live on soil/H2O
55
What is facultative anaerobe?
-versatile -live in o2 or deprived o2 environments -survived aerobic and anaerobic environments Prefer o2
56
What is cyanobacteria?
-Prokaryotic organisms found in aquatic + terrestrial environments - blue/green (cyan) photosynthetic bacteria/algae that use sunlight to make energy via photosynthesis.
57
What is an antibiotic?
-Substance or compound that inhibits the growth or kills microorganisms particularly bacteria - used to treat bacterial infections
58
How does penicillin acts with binary fission?
-Penicillin disrupts bacterial binary fission - by targeting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall specifically the peptidoglycan
59
What is binary fission?
- most common method of bacterial reproduction - no condensing of chromosomes and no formation of spindle fibres (as in mitosis)
60
Look at binary fission cycle
Understanding
61
What are viruses?
- do not fit 6 kingdom system - microscopic particles capable of reproduction only within specific living, "host" cells - can't grow, move, reproduce, or metabolize - rely 100% on their host cell -some viruses stay dormant in their host cell for years
62
What do viruses cause?
-cause colds -measles - mumps -INFLUENZA -VIRUS -flu -polio -AIDS - hepatitis
63
What are viruses composed of?
-composed of genetic material (DNA or RNA) -capsid (protein coat) surrounds/protects the DNA or RNA
64
What does the virus coat determine?
• coat determines what type of cell (bacterial, animal, or plant) virus can infect = host range • e.g. cold virus (narrow range) vs. rabies virus (broad range)
65
What are viruses used for?
- used as tools for inserting drugs or DNA into cells • e.g. to treat cancer • e.g. to cure genetic disorders • e.g. to create GMOs
66
What are bacteriophage?
-viruses that infect and destroy bacteria Greek for to eat
67
What is Viral Reproduction (lytic Cycle)?
virus must enter host cell in order to reproduce → infection
68
How long does it take for host lyses and mature phages are released in bacteriophage reproduction?
5 step 20-30 min
69
Bacteriophage label parts
Understanding
70
How long does the phage chromosome take to be injected bacteriophage cycle?
Step 1 0 min
71
How long does the host dna begin breaking down, phage dna synthesis begins?
Step 2 5-10 min
72
How long does it take for head and tail protein synthesis begin in the bacteriophage cycle?
Step 3 6-15 min
73
How long does it take to mature phages form in cell in the bacteriophage cycle?
Step 4 20 min
74
What is kingdom Protista?
cells have nuclei → eukaryotic • cells have membrane-bound organelles • 3 major groups
75
What are the 3 major groups of kingdom Protista?
1. Animal-Like Protozoa 2. Plant-Like 3. Fungi-Like
76
What is Animal-Like Protozoa?give one example
- heterotrophs → must move to obtain food - reproduce by mitosis - in the Protista kingdom Eg: Paramecium
77
What does the cilia do?
Use to Swim
78
What does the micro nucleus do?
Reproduction
79
What does the macro-nucleus do?
Control of cell activities
80
What are plant like protista? Give two examples
-photosynthetic autotrophs -in the Protista kingdom • e.g. red, brown, and green algae (big ocean producers of 02) • e.g. Euglena (found in fresh, stagnant water
81
What does the flagellum do in the Structure Of A Euglena?
propulsion (action of driving or pushing forward)
82
What does the stigma do in the Structure Of A Euglena?
Eye spot for light detection
83
What are fungi like Protista?
- slime molds (leave a slime trail) -prefer cool,damp, shady places or on decaying vegetation - in the Protista kingdom
84
What are the four groups of Protozoa?
Sarcodines, flagellates, ciliate,sporozoans
85
Importance of protists
- key producers and consumers in many ecosystems - responsible for serious human diseases (parasitic) such as malaria and "beaver fever" in Ontario - source of food, such as "nori", the seaweed used to wrap sushi rolls
86
General characteristics of Protista
Membrane, found organelles plus nuclei, live in saltwater and freshwater, single celled
87
Representative organisms of Protista
Single celled algae, slime molds, Protozoa
88
lists the stages (in order) of viral replication
attachment, synthesis, assembly, release
89
What is morphology ?
study of the form and structure of organisms

Diversity Part 1 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions