Diversity Unit Review Flashcards
What is the science of identifying and classifying living organisms called?
Taxonomy
What is the system of naming organisms using their genus & species called?
Binomial nomenclature
What are the 7 taxa in order?
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
What type of key is a series of branching, two-part statements used to identify organisms?
Dichotomous key
What are the 3 domains?
Eubacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes
What types of relationships does a phylogenetic tree show?
Evolutionary relationships (between species or groups)
What is structural diversity?
The range of physical shapes and sizes (of individuals as well as habitats) in an ecosystem
What are 3 characteristics of all prokaryotes?
Here are some examples …
Single-celled (unicellular), no membrane-bound organelles, single chromosome, reproduce by binary fission, small size
What is the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic?
An epidemic is concentrated in one geographical area; a pandemic is global
What are the 2 basic components in the structure of all viruses?
Protein coat (capsid) + DNA or RNA
What are 2 characteristics of living organisms that viruses do not possess?
Here are some examples …
Using energy, producing waste, growth, made of cells
Briefly describe how viruses can be used in gene therapy?
Viruses can carry genes to cells to replace, supplement, or repair defective genes
What are the 3 shapes of bacteria?
Coccus (spherical), bacillus (rod-shaped), spirillum (spiral)
What are 2 processes that are considered sexual reproduction in bacteria?
Conjugation and transformation
What does endosymbiosis explain?
It explains the origin of eukaryotic cells (especially the origin of membrane-bound organelles such as the mitochondria and chloroplasts)
What is one feature that distinguishes the Euglenoids from the ciliates and the amoebas?
The euglenoids are photosynthetic/autotrophic (or they have 2 flagella for movement)
If the field diameter is 4 mm on low power (4x) objective, what is the field diameter on high power (40x) objective?
0.4 mm
What is the difference between the cell walls of fungi and of plants?
Fungi cell walls have chitin; plant cell walls have cellulose
According to Phylogeny, to what kingdom are the Fungi most closely related?
Animal kingdom
What is mycorrhiza?
A symbiotic relationship between a fungus and the roots of a plant
Name 5 uses that humans have for fungi
Here are some examples …
Mushrooms/truffles to eat, yeast to make bread, beer, wine, and other alcoholic beverages, antibiotics such as penicillin, anti rejection drug cyclosporine, to make blue cheese & soy sauce, used for genetic engineering research
