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America 1920 - 1979 > Divided Society > Flashcards

Divided Society Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

What was prohibition?

A

It was where the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcohol became prohibited.

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2
Q

When was prohibition legalised?

A

In the early 1920s

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3
Q

What were the two names for prohibition?

A
  • 18th Amendment

- Volstead Act

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4
Q

Which Amendment abolished the 18th?

A

The 21st Amendment

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5
Q

When was it passed?

A

Late 1933

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6
Q

Give examples of groups who were part of the temperance societies.

A
  • Women
  • Anti-Saloon League
  • Factory owners
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7
Q

What did many women believe?

A

That alcohol was a destructive substance that damaged families and marriages.

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8
Q

What did the Anti-Saloon League believe?

A

That alcohol was corrupt and ungodly - their views were based on the rise of evangelical Protestantism

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9
Q

What did factory owners believe in?

A

The prohibition would prevent accidents and increase the efficiency of workers.

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10
Q

Where was prohibition easier to enforce and where was it harder to enforce?

A

It was easier to enforce in rural areas and small towns, and harder to enforce in urban areas.

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11
Q

By what percentage did alcohol consumption drop by?

A

30%

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12
Q

What were common ways for people to still acquire alcohol?

A
  • Bootlegging
  • Speakeasies
  • Smuggling
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13
Q

What was bootlegging?

A

The illegal manufacture and sale of alcohol

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14
Q

What were speakeasies?

A

They were secret illegal bars that sold alcohol, commonly bootlegged alcohol

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15
Q

Who was the most notorious gangster in the 1920s?

A

Al Capone

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16
Q

How much did Al Capone earn annually from bootlegging and speakeasies alone?

A

$60 million

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17
Q

What was the St Valentine’s Day Massacre?

A

In 1929, in a garage in Lincoln Park, a group of men dressed up as policemen and shot and killed 7 men. The attackers are thought to be associated with Al Capone, and the victims were of an enemy gang.

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18
Q

How many black Americans migrated from the south to the north?

A

1 million

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19
Q

What did the Jim Crow Laws do?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Legalised racial segregation in southern states
  • Black Americans could not serve on juries
  • Black schools were kept inferior to keep black Americans uneducated and prevent them from advancing in society
  • To vote, black Americans had to:
    • Pay a poll tax: Low wages made this difficult
    • Pass a literacy test: Many black Americans were illiterate due to bad school conditions
  • Forced black Americans to work in low paid and unskilled jobs
20
Q

What did the ‘Grandfather Clause’ do?

Study These Flashcards
A

Prevent anyone whose grandfather was a slave from voting

21
Q

By 1920, how many immigrants arrived in America?

22
Q

Give some examples of push and pull factors that made people emigrate.

Study These Flashcards
A
  • To escape poverty
  • To escape political persecution
  • To benefit from the religious tolerance promised in the American Bill of Rights
  • Industrialisation created the possibility for jobs with higher wages
  • Hope for equality and opportunity
23
Q

What percentage of immigrants arrived on Ellis Island?

24
Q

What tests were undergone for immigrants?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Medical tests
  • Literacy tests
  • Questioning about work and financial situation
25
Give examples of economic concerns for immigration.
- Immigrants were illiterate and might become a burden to society - They were taking jobs that Americans thought should be theirs - They drove down wages due to competition for jobs - They were used by employers to break strikes
26
Give examples of political concerns for immigration.
- They were thought to be associated with political corruption because of the Tammany Hall organisation - It was feared that they help dangerous extremist views, like anarchism and communism - They were thought to be unpatriotic
27
Give examples of social concerns for immigration
- They were blamed for alcohol abuse by temperance groups - Their overcrowded slums were linked to crime, violence, and prostitution - They were blamed for the spread of infectious diseases, like tuberculosis and cholera - Their different cultural and religious backgrounds were seen as un-American values - It was thought that they did not try hard enough to blend in into US society
28
What were the two laws that were passed to restrict immigration?
- The Emergency Quota Act of 1921 | - The National Origins Act of 1924
29
What did The Emergency Quota Act of 1921 do?
- Restricted the maximum number of immigrants per year to 357'000 - Only 3% of the total population of any overseas group already in the USA in 1910 was allowed to come into America after 1921
30
What did The National Origins Act of 1924 do?
- Further reduced the maximum annual number of immigrants to 150'000 - Cut the quota to 2% based on the population in 1890 - Prohibited Asian immigration
31
What did president Calvin Coolidge say?
"America must be kept for the Americans"
32
When did the Red Scare occur?
From 1917 to 1920
33
What was the Red Scare?
The fear of communism rising in America
34
Give examples of factors that heightened the Red Scare.
- Industrial unrest in 1919: general strikes - Race riots in 23 cities in 1919 - Discovery of 36 mail bombs in April 1919 - Bomb destroying the front of the house of Attorney General, Mitchell Palmer - A bomb exploding on Wall Street, September 1920, killing 38 people.
35
What did the Red Scare lead to?
- Mobs and police attacking left-wing parties and parades - Strikes were seen as 'red' and workers didn't join trade unions in case they were branded as communists - Increased hostility to immigrants, also leading to the immigration laws. - Palmer Raids and injustices, such as internment and unfair trials.
36
Who were Sacco and Vanzetti?
Nicola Sacco Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants who had anarchist views and spoke very little English.
37
What event occurred in April 1920 that Sacco and Vanzetti were accused of?
A paymaster and his armed guard were attacked by two men and shot. The attackers ran off with $15'000 in a stolen car.
38
How did the victims describe the attackers?
As "slim foreigners with oily skin"
39
Why did the public prejudice against Sacco and Vanzetti?
They were immigrants and the public was against their anarchist views
40
How many witnesses did the defence have?
107 witnesses that stated that Sacco and Vanzetti were elsewhere during the crime
41
How many witnesses did the prosecution have?
61 witnesses that stated they saw Sacco and Vanzetti committed the crime, they were believed
42
What was the name of the man who later admitted to committing the crime?
Celestino Madeiros
43
When were Sacco and Vanzetti executed?
In August 1927 - they were both executed by electrocution in Charlestown prison
44
When was the Ku Klux Klan (The KKK) formed?
In 1865, in Pulaski, Tennesse
45
What did the Klan start as and what did it become?
The KKK began as a private club for Confederate veterans but grew into a secret society that terrorised black, Jewish, Roman Catholic, and immigrant communities
46
By 1925, how many members were in the KKK?
The Klan had between 3 million and 6 million members, with many millions more supporting the Klan
47
What did the KKK do against black communities?
- Black schools were vandalised and destroyed - Black citizens were attacked in the night - Black citizens were mutilated, tortured, murdered and lynched - Families were attacked and forced off their land in the south - They made danger a regular aspect of black lives

America 1920 - 1979 (6 decks)

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