Divisions of Pathology Flashcards
(38 cards)
Pathology means?
Study of suffering/Study of Disease
Whole meaning of Pathology is?
It is the study and diagnosis of diseases through examination of surgically removed tissues, body fluids or whole body.
5 areas of study in pathology
- Cellular adaptation to injury
- Wound healing
- Inflammation
- Necrosis
- Neoplasia
Anatomic Pathology is?
It is the study of the effect of diseases on the structure of body organs, both as a whole or microscopically.
What is the primary role of Anatomic Pathology?
Identify abnormalities that can help diagnose disease and manage treatment.
What are the 4 branches of Anatomic Pathology?
- Surgical Pathology
- Autopsy
- Cytopathology
- Molecular Pathology
It is the most significant and time consuming branch of Anatomic Pathology.
Surgical Pathology
What is the primary focus of surgical pathology?
Examining tissues with the naked eye or under the microscope for definitive diagnosis of disease.
Histopathology involves?
Examination of tissues under the microscope.
Biopsy is?
Removing a piece of tissue or sample of cells from your body so that it can be analyzed in the laboratory.
What are the 5 types of biopsy used for cancer diagnosis?
- Bone marrow biopsy
- Endoscopic biopsy
- Needle biopsy
- Skin biopsy
- Surgical biopsy
What is bone marrow biopsy for?
It is for the diagnosis of blood problems, cancerous or non-cancerous, such as leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma.
What is endoscopic biopsy?
The tube used in endoscopic biopsy is inserted in the rectum, mouth, urinary tract or small incision in the skin.
Examples of endoscopic biopsy
- Cystoscopy (bladder)
- Bronchoscopy (lungs)
- Colonoscopy (colon)
What is Needle biopsy?
It is used for tumors that can be felt under the skin such as breast lumps and enlarged lymph nodes.
When used with _______ such as ______, where can needle biopsy be used?
When used with imaging techniques such as X-ray, it can used to examine suspicious areas that can’t be felt under the skin.
Procedures of needle biopsy?
- Fine needle biopsy
- Core needle biopsy
- Vacuum assisted biopsy
- Image guided biopsy
What is skin biopsy?
It is in the cutaneous part wherein skin cells are removed from the surface of the skin to diagnose skin conditions.
5 examples of skin biopsy
- Shave biopsy
- Punch biopsy
- Incisional biopsy
- Excisional biopsy
What is surgical biopsy?
It removes part of an abnormal area of cells (incisional biopsy) or an entire area of abnormal cells (excisional biopsy).
What is FFPE
Formalin-fixed, Paraffin-embedded. It is a type of technique wherein the tissue sample is places in a formalin which fixes it via cross-linking of proteins. It was then dehydrated and put in a paraffin wax where it hardens and is cut into thin pieces via microtome and placed in a slide. It was then stained with special reagents.
What is Frozen section?
It is where fixation, processing and embedding are bypassed due to crucial time. It can distort cells and some staining artifact.
What can be done in frozen section to avoid distortion and save time?
Imprint smears or touch preps wherein the cut section is pressed onto the slide.
What are the 4 special techniques?
- Special staining
- Immunohistochemistry
- Genetic techniques and other novel ideas
- Electron microscopy
