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DM Meds > DM MEDS > Flashcards

DM MEDS Flashcards

1
Q

How do sulfonylureas work

A

stimulates insulin secretion from pancreas

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2
Q

what kind of medications are the following: orinase, amaryl, glucotrol, glyburide,

A

orinase, amaryl, glucotrol, glyburide, are all sulfonyureas;

orinase= tolbutamide\
glimepiride = amaryl
glucotrol= glipizide
glyburide= micronase

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3
Q

glyburide is what kind of dm med?

A

sulfonyurea; works by having the pancreas release more insulin

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4
Q

side effect of sulfonyureas?

A

hypoglycemia
weight gain

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5
Q

contraindications of sulfonyureas

A

CrCl< 60
DKA

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6
Q

MOA of glinides

A

structurally different from sulfonyureas, however they also work by increasing insulin secretion from pancreas

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7
Q

what kind of medications are prandin and starlix?

A

they are glinides, which work by increasing insulin secretion from pancreas

prandin= repaglinide
starlix= nateglinide

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8
Q

side effects of glinides?

A

hypoglycemia

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9
Q

moa of biguanides

A

decrease glucose release from liver AND decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, ALSO improves insulin sensitivity, hence increasing glucose uptake and utilization

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10
Q

what kind of medications are glucophage, fortamet and riomet?

A

they are all brand names for MEtformin, which is a biguanide, which in turn does the following

  • decreases liver secretion of glucose
  • decreases intestinal absorption of glucose
  • increases insulin sensitivity
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11
Q

side effects of glucophage?

A

this is metformin; side effects are diarrhea and nausea, lactic acidosis;

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12
Q

side effect of fortamet?

A

this is metformin; side effects are diarrhea and nausea, lactic acidosis;

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13
Q

contraindication to glucophage?

A

this is metformin; contraindications are the following:
- eGFR < 30
- Metabolic Acidosis
- DKA
- Hypoxemia
- Sepsis
- Hepatic Dz
- CHF/Alcohol and hypoglycemia= CAUTION

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14
Q

what kind of medication is precose?

A

this is acarbose, which in turn is an alpha glucosidase inhibitor, it works by delaying digestion and absorption of carbohydrates

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15
Q

moa of alpha glucosidase inhibitors

A

these work by delaying digestion and absorption of carbohydrates

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16
Q

side effects of acarbose?

A

this is an alpha glucosidase inhibitor, meaning it delays digestion and inhibitors absorption of carbs

side effects include:
- Flatulence

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17
Q

What kind of medications are actos and avandia?

A

they are thiazolidinediones; GLITAZONES OR TZDz

Actos= pioglitazone

Avandia= rosiglitazone

they work by decreasing insulin resistance in the body (in fat and muscle tissue)

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18
Q

side effect of actos

A

this is a glitazonel it works by decreasing insulin resistance

side effects:
- anemia, edema, weight gain, macular edema, bone loss in women; MAY WORSEN HF

19
Q

what labs do you have to monitor if a patient is on actos?

A

Monitor Liver labs; Also make sure their heart is ok, not great for patient with heart failure

20
Q

contraindications to actos

A

Actos is a TZD drug, it works by decreasing insulin resistance

contraindications to starting this: DKA, bladder cancer, CHF class 3-4, and caution with premenopausal anovulatory patients

21
Q

which DM med can increase risk of heart problem, like angina, or MI?

A

A TZD, Avandia (rosiglitazone)

22
Q

MOA of GLP 1 analogs

A
  • increase insulin secretion
  • reduce glucose release from liver after meals
  • delays foot emptying from stomach
    -> promotes satiety
23
Q

what are some examples of GLP- 1 analogs

A

-exanatide = byetta
- liraglutide= victoza
- albiglutide = tanzeum
- dulaglutide= trulicity

24
Q

what kind of medications are trulicity and byetta

A

GLP 1 analogs; they work by increasing insulin secretion, reducing glucose release from liver and delaying food emptying

25
Q

side effects of byetta

A

this is a GLP 1 analog that, works by increasing insulin secretion, decreasing glucose release from liver after meals and delays gastric emptying

side effects include nausea, pancreatitis, mild weight loss; maybe hypoglycemia if used with an insulin secretagogue

26
Q

side effect of victoza

A

this is a GLP 1 analog that, works by increasing insulin secretion, decreasing glucose release from liver after meals and delays gastric emptying

side effects include nausea, pancreatitis, mild weight loss; maybe hypoglycemia if used with an insulin secretagogue

27
Q

side effect of trulicity

A

this is a GLP 1 analog that, works by increasing insulin secretion, decreasing glucose release from liver after meals and delays gastric emptying

side effects include nausea, pancreatitis, mild weight loss; maybe hypoglycemia if used with an insulin secretagogue

28
Q

contraindications to victoza

A

this is a GLP 1 agonist, meaning it works by increasing insulin secretion, decreasing liver secretion of glucose at meals, and decreasing gastric emptying

Contraindications include Pancreatitis, history of medullary thyroid cancer (MEN 2),

29
Q

contraindications to trulicity

A

this is a GLP 1 agonist, meaning it works by increasing insulin secretion, decreasing liver secretion of glucose at meals, and decreasing gastric emptying

Contraindications include Pancreatitis, history of medullary thyroid cancer (MEN 2),

30
Q

MOA of dpp4 inhibitors

A

increase insulin secretion and reduce glucose release from liver after meals

31
Q

what kind of medications are januvia, nesina and onglyza?

A

GLIPTINS!!!

these are DPP4 inhibitors; they increase insulin secretion and decrease glucose relase from pancreas after meals

Januvia= sitagliptin
nesina= alogliptin
onglyza= saxagliptin

32
Q

side effects of januvia

A

januvia is a gliptin, it is a DPP4 inhibitor, mening it works by increaisng insulin secretion and decreasing glucose release from liver after meals

side effects include: URI, runny nose, possible allergic reactions

33
Q

contraindication to januvia

A

GFR < 45
Caution with pancretitis and HF

34
Q

moa of SGLT2 inhibitors

A

increases glucose excretion in urine

35
Q

what kind of medication is invokana? farxiga or jardiance ?

A

FLOZINS

These are SGLT2 inhibitors; they work by increasing urinary excretion of glucose

Canagliflozin= Invokana
Farxiga= Dapagliflozin
Jardiance= Empagliflozin

36
Q

side effects of farxiga?

A

this is an SLGT2- inhibitor and works by increasing glucose excretion in urine

side effects= increased urination and urgency, lower BP pressure, dizziness, yeast infection, increase in K in blood

37
Q

side effect of jardiance?

A

this is an SLGT2- inhibitor and works by increasing glucose excretion in urine

side effects= increased urination and urgency, lower BP pressure, dizziness, yeast infection, increase in K in blood

38
Q

difference between jardiance and januvia

A

Jardiance = Empagliflozin = SGLT 2 inhibitors; works by increasing urinary excretion of glucose

Januvia= Sitagliptin= DPP$ inhibitor; works by increasing insulin secretion and decreasing glucose secretion from liver after meals

39
Q

contraindication of jardiance?

A

jardiance = empagligflozine = SGLT 2 inhibitor

contraindication includes Pregnancy, breastfeeding, DKA, GFR <30

40
Q

Synjardy is combo of which two meds

A

empagliflozin (jardiance, SGLT2 inhibitors) AND Metformin (biguanide)

41
Q

XIGDUO is a combination of which two meds?

A

dapagliflozin (farxiga SGLT 2 inhibitor) AND Metformin (biguanide)

42
Q

Glucovance is a combination of which two meds ?

A

Glyburide (sulfonyurea) and Metformin (biguanide)

43
Q

Janumet is a combination of which two medications?

A

Sitagliptin (januvia, DPP$ inhibitor) AND Metformin (Biguanide)

44
Q

what kind of medication is semaglutide?

A

semaglutide = ozempic= GLP 1 agonist

  • MOA is increasinf insulin secretion, decresing glucose secretion from liver after meals and delaying gastric emptying

DM Meds (3 decks)

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