DM2 - Actions

Question 1

Metformin (2)

Answer 1

site(s): liver and muscle

action(s): decreased liver glucose production
increased glucose uptake (decreased insulin resistance)

Question 2

Sulphonylurias (glicazide, glabenclamide) (1)

Answer 2

site(s): pancreas

action(s): increased insulin secretion (secretogogues)

Question 3

DPP4 inhibitors (‘gliptins’) (2)

Answer 3

site(s): pancreas, GIT

action(s): increased insulin, decreased glucagon
prolonged GLP-1 action (incl. slowed gastric emptying)

Question 4

GLP-1 analogues (exenatide) (3)

Answer 4

site(s): pancreas, GIT, liver

action(s): increased insulin, decreased glucagon and hepatic glucose, slowed gastric emptying

Question 5

SGLT2 inhibitors (‘gliflozins’) (1)

Answer 5

site(s): kidney (PCT)

action(s): prevent glucose re-uptake (glucose lost in urine)

Question 6

Glitazones/Thiazolidinediones (3)

Answer 6

site(s): liver, muscles, fat (PPAR-y)

action(s): insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake (muscle), decreased liver glucose production, decreased lipolysis

Question 7

Acarbose (alpha glucosidase inhibitor) (1)

Answer 7

site: GIT
action: slows/prevents CHO digestion and absorption